{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:08:41Z","timestamp":1787242121947,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the fastest-growing global health emergencies of the 21st century. However, high antioxidant capacity of supplementation of vitamin\u2009C and\/or E was inversely associated with insulin resistance. However, each antioxidant possesses a distinct biological function that may be influenced by both dosage and duration of supplementation, potentially resulting in significantly different effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether vitamin\u2009C, vitamin\u2009E, or their combination is more effective in improving glycemic control, blood lipids, and blood pressure in individuals with T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources and Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials, identifying 52 studies (n\u2009=\u20091425 participants).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Random-effects models were used to assess the effects of vitamin\u2009C and\/or E supplementation on glycemic control, blood lipid levels, and blood pressure. These findings indicate that supplementation with vitamin\u2009C, vitamin\u2009E, or their combination has a comparable effect on glycemic index values, systolic blood pressure, and blood lipid profiles. However, a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure was observed only with vitamin\u2009C and combined vitamin C\u2009+\u2009E supplementation. Additionally, a significant increase in high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) levels was noted exclusively with the combined vitamin C\u2009+\u2009E supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consequently, supplementation with vitamin\u2009C, vitamin\u2009E, and their combination (C\u2009+\u2009E) exhibited differing effects on HDL levels and systolic blood pressure. However, their effects on glycemic control, diastolic blood pressure, and blood lipids other than HDL were comparable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023399366<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T07:49:06Z","timestamp":1749714546000},"page":"235-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Vitamin C and\/or E Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2550-6695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jer\u00f3nimo","family":"Arag\u00f3n-Vela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Area of Physiology, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7446-0857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas R","family":"Huertas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Department of Physiology, University of Granada , 18071 Granada,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4482-3186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael A","family":"Casuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Loyola Andaluc\u00eda , 14004 C\u00f3rdoba,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011202522650800_nuaf133-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin 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