{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:28:36Z","timestamp":1789086516664,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An association of food insecurity (FI) with adverse health outcomes (AHOs) has been reported; however, the evidence in this context is still inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The certainty and validity of all available meta-analyses were evaluated for the association between FI and AHOs among adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive systematic search was done of the PubMed\/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to August 20, 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two researchers independently extracted studies data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-one meta-analyses were included in this study. Generally, there was a direct association between FI and 22 AHOs (73.3%) in adults, including the risk of being overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06-1.27); binge eating (OR = 1.99; 95% CI, 1.58-2.51); stress (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.24-1.43); anemia (OR = 1.34 95% CI, 1.19-1.50); long sleep duration (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.26); suicide attempt (OR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.81-2.76); obesity (OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.24-1.63); diabetes (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.32-1.65); hypertension (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01-1.43); anxiety (OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.15-2.25); short sleep duration (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07-1.21); multimorbidity (OR = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.56-3.03); depression (OR = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.98-2.57); poor sleep quality (OR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.24-1.70); suicidal ideation (OR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.48-1.83); having opportunistic infection (OR = 4.09; 95% CI, 2.47-6.78); low CD4 count (OR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.05-1.80); excessive gestational weight gain (OR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05-1.30); prepregnancy overweight (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12-1.54); prepregnancy obesity (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.37-1.81); and inadequate gestational weight gain (OR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.21-1.63). We found a significant reverse relation between FI and the risk of complete HIV viral suppression (OR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.61-0.82).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrated that prevention and management programs, which alleviate FI among adults, may also improve public health beyond promoting nutritional status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024582864.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T11:34:15Z","timestamp":1753184055000},"page":"1387-1400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Association Between Food Insecurity and 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Isfahan,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimia","family":"Mazinani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences , Maragheh,","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences , Maragheh,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maede Sadat","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences , Maragheh,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Hodder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mojtaba","family":"Ghoreishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of clinical Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran,","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faramarz","family":"Jalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Hojjati Kermani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , 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