{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:41:25Z","timestamp":1792078885676,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin\u2009D is an essential steroid prehormone whose effects have garnered significant interest during pregnancy and lactation. Adequate vitamin\u2009D levels are crucial for embryonic implantation, immune modulation, and preventing adverse maternal outcomes such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of vitamin\u2009D deficiency in each trimester of pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Online databases were searched from inception to July 2023, including Medline\/PubMed, Embase, and LILACS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All English, Spanish, and Portuguese articles that specified the prevalence of vitamin\u2009D deficiency in each of the 3 trimesters of pregnancy were included. All screening and data extraction were performed independently by 2 authors. Risk-of-bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2627 articles were retrieved, and after evaluating eligibility criteria, 116 full-text articles were included. These comprised observational studies, totaling 127\u2009290 pregnant women who underwent serum 25(OH)D evaluation. Vitamin\u2009D deficiency is a common condition among pregnant women. The meta-analysis revealed that 68% (95% CI, 60%-76%) of pregnant women had 25(OH)D &amp;lt;30\u2009ng\/mL in the first trimester, 81% (95% CI, 74%-87%) in the second trimester, and 70% (95% CI, 64%-75%) in the third trimester, indicating a widespread deficiency of this vitamin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A thorough analysis of the studies included in this review shows that hypovitaminosis D during pregnancy is a highly prevalent condition that occurs in all 3 trimesters. Given this high prevalence, these findings may be valuable for planning public health policies aimed at pregnant women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022343256.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T10:06:38Z","timestamp":1752746798000},"page":"600-614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Women: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3386-1873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena Martello","family":"Crist\u00f3falo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 01246-904,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5311-1064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falio Oliva","family":"de Almeida Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , S\u00e3o Paulo, 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