{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:34:39Z","timestamp":1792794879662,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council through the Diet and Health Open Innovation Research Club","award":["BB\/X010821\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/X010821\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cwqg982","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this review we sought to map the body of published literature on the role of oral probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in maintaining and optimizing skin health and function and preventing and managing skin conditions throughout the life course. Globally, the burden of skin diseases is considerable. Diet is a modifiable risk factor for many dermatological conditions, and one mechanism by which nutrition influences skin health is through the gut microbiome. Oral probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have the potential to improve skin health, delay skin aging, and successfully treat dermatological diseases. We developed a scoping review protocol in accordance with the Johanna Briggs Institute methodology. Six online databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed literature, and non\u2013peer-reviewed sources were also considered. All records were screened independently by 2 reviewers using predefined eligibility criteria. A total of 516 studies were included in the scoping review, comprising 73 systematic reviews. Most studies investigated probiotics (n\u2009=\u2009401). Infants (0-12\u2009months old) and adults (18-60\u2009years old) were the age groups most frequently receiving supplementation with probiotics (42% [n\u2009=\u2009114] and 41% [n\u2009=\u2009112] of human studies, respectively), whereas only 15% of studies (n\u2009=\u200941) comprised adults participants older than 60\u2009years. Of the skin diseases investigated, atopic dermatitis was the most extensively researched (n\u2009=\u2009330 studies), followed by psoriasis (n\u2009=\u200924), and acne (n\u2009=\u200923). Skin health and function in healthy populations is a growing area of research; outcomes related to wrinkling, elasticity, aging, or UV irradiation response accounted for 54 studies. Consistencies in the evidence base found in our investigation underscore the need for an umbrella review on oral probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics and atopic dermatitis, as well as a systematic review on skin aging. Preliminary evidence for roles in managing rosacea, alopecia, and melasma suggests additional research avenues. Future studies should consider participant diets, probiotic strain and dose reporting, and inclusivity of populations and languages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T11:38:49Z","timestamp":1760269129000},"page":"2174-2192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics as Oral Supplements for Skin Health, Function, and Disease Throughout the Life Course: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Rebecca A","family":"Hillier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London, SE1 9NH,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5823-6468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London, SE1 9NH,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thivi","family":"Maruthappu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London, SE1 9NH,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5414-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Whelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London, SE1 9NH,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J","family":"Prpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London, SE1 9NH,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Yakult UK & Ireland Limited , South Ruislip, Middlesex, HA4 6QQ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly R","family":"Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London, SE1 9NH,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Yakult UK & Ireland Limited , South Ruislip, Middlesex, HA4 6QQ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte G","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yakult UK & Ireland Limited , South Ruislip, Middlesex, HA4 6QQ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1634-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy L","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London, SE1 9NH,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090214265951600_nuaf205-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.5538","article-title":"Global skin disease morbidity and mortality: an update from the global burden of disease study 2013","volume":"153","author":"Karimkhani","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"2026090214265951600_nuaf205-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S230","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw003","article-title":"Age-associated skin conditions and diseases: current perspectives and future options","volume":"56(suppl 2)","author":"Blume-Peytavi","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Gerontologist."},{"key":"2026090214265951600_nuaf205-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015","article-title":"The skin aging exposome","volume":"85","author":"Krutmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"2026090214265951600_nuaf205-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1930.01440180008002","article-title":"The effect on the skin of emotional and nervous states: iii. Theoretical and practical consideration of a gastro-intestinal mechanism","volume":"22","author":"Stokes","year":"1930","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Syphilol"},{"key":"2026090214265951600_nuaf205-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201600008","article-title":"The gut-skin axis in health and disease: a paradigm with therapeutic implications","volume":"38","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"2026090214265951600_nuaf205-B6","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and WHO Working Group","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026090214265951600_nuaf205-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","article-title":"The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214265951600_nuaf205-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0344-2","article-title":"The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of synbiotics","volume":"17","author":"Swanson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214265951600_nuaf205-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.75","article-title":"Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics","volume":"14","author":"Gibson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214265951600_nuaf205-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llad318","article-title":"Effects of probiotic supplementation in adults with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Husein-ElAhmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2026090214265951600_nuaf205-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0404-3","article-title":"Probiotic supplementation for prevention of atopic dermatitis in infants and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2026090214265951600_nuaf205-B12","first-page":"CD006135","article-title":"Probiotics for treating eczema. 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