{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T20:31:03Z","timestamp":1786566663197,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NGEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of University and Research"},{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan"},{"name":"MNESYS","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"MNESYS","award":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent evidence is discussed that underlies the necessity for broader practice changes regarding vitamin\u2009K (VK) supplementation to protect all breastfed infants from the preventable deficiency of this essential micronutrient. Vitamin\u2009K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) is characterized by bleeding disorders due to insufficient activity of VK-dependent coagulation factors. Bleeding can range from mild to severe, including life-threatening intracranial hemorrhages. It is widely accepted that to prevent early VKDB, VK prophylaxis should be administered to all newborn infants at birth, typically as an intramuscular (IM) injection or, in some cases, oral supplementation. Both IM and oral administration of VK at birth effectively prevent early VKDB but do not completely protect infants from late VKDB, especially if they are breastfed. Various regimens of both parenteral and oral prophylaxis have been implemented, but insufficient evidence supports any single clinical approach. There is substantial variability in recommendations for VK prophylaxis strategies. Recent, prospective, observational clinical studies of term and preterm infants have revealed that, despite IM administration of VK at birth, exclusively breastfed infants exhibit VK insufficiency after hospital discharge. This insufficiency is particularly pronounced in preterm infants fed breast milk, some of whom demonstrate significantly lower serum VK levels, elevated proteins induced by VK absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) concentrations, and a higher percentage of under\u2013\u03b3-carboxylated osteocalcin compared with those receiving formula feeding. Similarly, term infants breastfed without continued VK supplementation have significantly higher PIVKA-II concentrations than those receiving a daily supplement of 150 \u03bcg of VK. This underscores the importance of ongoing VK prophylaxis during the first 3 months of life to effectively prevent late-onset VKDB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T07:53:01Z","timestamp":1763279581000},"page":"1922-1931","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Late Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Infancy: The Time to Ensure Effective Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5478-5657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serafina","family":"Perrone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children\u2019s Hospital , Parma, 43126,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma , Parma, 40126,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Beretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children\u2019s Hospital , Parma, 43126,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma , Parma, 40126,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Petrolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children\u2019s Hospital , Parma, 43126,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Scarpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children\u2019s Hospital , Parma, 43126,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"De Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman and Child, Ospedale Buon Consiglio Fatebenefratelli , Naples, 80123,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Buonocore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena , Siena, 53100,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab061","article-title":"Vitamin K\u2014sources, physiological role, kinetics, deficiency, detection, therapeutic use, and toxicity","volume":"80","author":"Mlad\u011bnka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B2","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Nutrition of the Preterm Infant.","author":"Greer","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10363","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00107a001","article-title":"The coagulation cascade: initiation, maintenance, and regulation","volume":"30","author":"Davie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90567-3","article-title":"The molecular basis of blood coagulation","volume":"53","author":"Furie","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.2.466","article-title":"Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of the carboxylase","volume":"95","author":"Berkner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1160\/TH08-03-0147","article-title":"Metabolism and cell biology of vitamin K","volume":"100","author":"Shearer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6810.1105","article-title":"Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn in the British Isles: two year prospective study","volume":"303","author":"McNinch","year":"1991","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614494","article-title":"Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in infancy","volume":"81","author":"Sutor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(82)90493-7","article-title":"Plasma vitamin K1 in mothers and their newborn babies","volume":"2","author":"Shearer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1079\/BJNBJN2002565","article-title":"Total body phylloquinone and its turnover in human subjects at two levels of vitamin K intake","volume":"87","author":"Olson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2018-0104","article-title":"Newborn vitamin K prophylaxis: a historical perspective to understand modern barriers to uptake","volume":"9","author":"Majid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-008-0538-7","article-title":"The neonatal coagulation system and the vitamin K deficiency bleeding\u2014a mini review","volume":"158","author":"Pichler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2019-205997","article-title":"Laboratory assessment of vitamin K status","volume":"73","author":"Card","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15874","article-title":"Exclusively breastmilk-fed preterm infants are at high risk of developing subclinical vitamin K deficiency despite intramuscular prophylaxis at birth","volume":"20","author":"Clarke","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092612","article-title":"Abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-II) expression in canine tissues as an indicator of anticoagulant poisoning","volume":"11","author":"Maniscalco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2010.02.018","article-title":"Quantitative determination of plasma vitamin K1 by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"401","author":"Ducros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)00681-7","article-title":"Vitamin K and human nutrition","volume":"92","author":"Suttie","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2008.01853.x","article-title":"Familial deficiency of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors","volume":"14","author":"Weston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B19","first-page":"568","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Biomedical Science: Haematology","author":"Moore","year":"2016","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405313102204","article-title":"Des-gamma-carboxy (abnormal) prothrombin as a serum marker of primary hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"310","author":"Liebman","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1887721","article-title":"Dietary vitamin K is remodeled by gut microbiota and influences community composition","volume":"13","author":"Ellis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1242","article-title":"Vitamin K status among children with cystic fibrosis and its relationship to bone mineral density and bone turnover","volume":"115","author":"Conway","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.10.029","article-title":"Late-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding in an extremely preterm infant fed an exclusively human milk-based diet","volume":"22","author":"Vasu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(85)90291-0","article-title":"Effect of vitamin K administration on acarboxy prothrombin (PIVKA-II) levels in newborns","volume":"2","author":"Motohara","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B25","first-page":"75","article-title":"Analytical and clinical performance evaluation of the abbott architect PIVKA assay","volume":"48","author":"Ko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.30","article-title":"Vitamin K prophylaxis for prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding: a systematic review","volume":"36 suppl 1","author":"Sankar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050570","article-title":"Prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding: efficacy of different multiple oral dose schedules of vitamin K","volume":"156","author":"Cornelissen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.104752","article-title":"Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in Great Britain and Ireland: British Paediatric Surveillance Unit Surveys, 1993 94 and 2001-02","volume":"92","author":"McNinch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01995.x","article-title":"New Zealand surveillance of neonatal vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB): 1998-2008","volume":"47","author":"Darlow","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-316424","article-title":"Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in Australian infants 1993-2017: an Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit study","volume":"105","author":"Zurynski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B31","first-page":"243","article-title":"Intracranial hemorrhage in late hemorrhagic disease of the newborn","volume":"40","author":"Pooni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021056036","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-056036","article-title":"Vitamin K and the newborn infant","volume":"149","author":"Hand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.1.191","article-title":"Controversies concerning vitamin K and the newborn","volume":"112","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1371-1_48","article-title":"Are breast-fed infants vitamin K deficient?","volume":"501","author":"Greer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s44253-024-00028-3","article-title":"Late-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding: a preventable yet prevailing cause of intracranial hemorrhage in young infants\u2014an ambispective descriptive study","volume":"2","author":"Annadurai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Paediatr Neonatal"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-960x(92)90011-e","article-title":"Vitamin K metabolism and nutriture","volume":"6","author":"Shearer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2008.06.001","article-title":"Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in early infancy","volume":"23","author":"Shearer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02701-4","article-title":"Vitamin K prophylaxis in newborns","volume":"21","author":"Jullien","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11459","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29616-y","article-title":"Vitamin K supplementation during pregnancy for improving outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Shahrook","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e580","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001833","article-title":"Recurrent intracranial bleed in 3 siblings: short of a shot of vitamin K!","volume":"43","author":"Mahajan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B41","volume-title":"Neonatal Vitamin K Administration for the Prevention of Hemorrhagic Disease: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness, Comparative Effectiveness, and Guideline","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001232","article-title":"Prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborn infants: a position paper by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition","volume":"63","author":"Mihatsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Prophylactic dosing of vitamin K to prevent bleeding [published correction appears in","author":"Witt","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4222"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.2298\/SARH160412037M","article-title":"Late vitamin K deficiency bleeding despite intramuscular prophylaxis at birth - is there a need for additional supplementation?","volume":"145","author":"Marti\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Srp Arh Celok Lek"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310051155","article-title":"Oral vitamin K1 prophylaxis for newborns with a new mixed-micellar preparation of phylloquinone: 3 years experience in Switzerland","volume":"158","author":"Schubiger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B46","first-page":"80","article-title":"Intracranial haemorrhage due to late-onset vitamin K deficiency","volume":"20","author":"Karaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"HK J Paediatr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14141","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14141","article-title":"Vitamin K insufficiency and the prophylaxis strategy in term healthy infants: a multicentre study","volume":"54","author":"Perrone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-024-01981-9","article-title":"Vitamin K prophylaxis in neonates: comparing two different oral regimens","volume":"44","author":"Takahashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1657","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2742","article-title":"Vitamin K prophylaxis for preterm infants: a randomized, controlled trial of 3 regimens","volume":"118","author":"Clarke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2022.10.031","article-title":"Three different regimens for vitamin K birth prophylaxis in infants born preterm: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"255","author":"Hunnali","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15566","article-title":"The challenge to define the optimal prophylactic regimen for vitamin K deficiency bleeding in infants","volume":"110","author":"Lembo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-007-0443-x","article-title":"Incidence of late vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns in the Netherlands in 2005: evaluation of the current guideline","volume":"167","author":"Ijland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2008.131","article-title":"Late vitamin K deficiency bleeding after intramuscular prophylaxis at birth: a case report","volume":"29","author":"Ciantelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.01.015","article-title":"Vitamin K the basics\u2014what\u2019s new","volume":"86(suppl 1)","author":"Greer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2010.03199.x","article-title":"Intracranial hemorrhage: clinical and demographic features of patients with late hemorrhagic disease","volume":"53","author":"Pirinccioglu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-016-0062-6","article-title":"Vitamin K supplementation to prevent hemorrhagic morbidity and mortality of newborns in India and China","volume":"13","author":"Rai","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64098","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.64098","article-title":"A case of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in a newborn: catastrophic yet preventable","volume":"16","author":"Nmadu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2023-326737","article-title":"Vitamin K: missed at peril - the case for extra supplementation to prevent deficiency in breastfed preterm infants","volume":"109","author":"Clarke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57065","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.57065","article-title":"Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn as a consequence of vitamin K refusal due to language barrier","volume":"16","author":"Elsebey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16011","article-title":"Intracranial haemorrhage associated with vitamin K deficiency in Egyptian infants","volume":"110","author":"Elalfy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1977.03280010040018","article-title":"The spectrum of vitamin K deficiency","volume":"238","author":"Ansell","year":"1977","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6987.1097","article-title":"Repeated oral vitamin K prophylaxis in West Germany: acceptance and efficacy","volume":"310","author":"von Kries","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199305000-00016","article-title":"Vitamin K1 concentration in breast-fed neonates after oral or intramuscular administration of a single dose of a new mixed-micellar preparation of phylloquinone","volume":"16","author":"Schubiger","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2014.02.013","article-title":"Rise in late onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding in young infants because of omission or refusal of prophylaxis at birth","volume":"50","author":"Schulte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.01.017","article-title":"Vitamin K deficiency bleeding: early history and recent trends in the United Kingdom","volume":"86 suppl 1","author":"McNinch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-024-05126-w","article-title":"Late onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding in a neonate and role of elevated PIVKA-II levels","volume":"91","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026615666150220112437","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of coumarins besides their antioxidant activity","volume":"15","author":"Najmanov\u00e1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.01.032","article-title":"Vitamin K and osteoporosis: myth or reality?","volume":"70","author":"Palermo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152420","article-title":"The importance of vitamin K and the combination of vitamins K and D for calcium metabolism and bone health: a review","volume":"16","author":"Aaseth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3390\/children9010078","article-title":"The impact of vitamin K2 (menaquionones) in children\u2019s health and diseases: a review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Kozio\u0142-Kozakowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B71","first-page":"307","article-title":"Controversies surrounding the administration of vitamin K to newborns: a review","volume":"154","author":"Brousson","year":"1996","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2026081216012442600_nuaf214-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00239","article-title":"The relationships between vitamin K and cognition: a review of current evidence","volume":"10","author":"Alisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/84\/9\/1922\/65315112\/nuaf214.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/84\/9\/1922\/65315112\/nuaf214.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T20:01:30Z","timestamp":1786564890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article\/84\/9\/1922\/8324518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf214","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6643","1753-4887"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6643","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4887","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]}}}