{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T19:14:12Z","timestamp":1788376452586,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32371184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32371184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFC3607304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC3607304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural polyphenol compound found in coffee, fruits, and vegetables. During digestion, a large proportion of dietary CGA is not absorbed and reaches the colon, where it interacts with the gut microflora. CGA can regulate the gut microflora to increase its diversity and proportion of beneficial microflora; reduce harmful microflora; induce changes in gut microflora\u2013derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, indole compounds, and hydroxycinnamic acid; and indirectly regulate host immunity, gut barrier function, and metabolic homeostasis. It can be degraded into colonic metabolites, such as caffeic and quinic acids, which accumulate in the body and modulate a number of biological activities. Herein, we review the interactions of CGA with the gut microbiota. The progression of chronic diseases and health disorders is closely linked to imbalances in the gut microbiota. Therefore, we focus on the role of the gut microbiota as a mediator to enhance the therapeutic potential of CGA in various chronic diseases and health disorders, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, intestinal diseases, diabetes mellitus, nephropathy, cognitive impairment, and depression-like behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T17:40:19Z","timestamp":1763574019000},"page":"2147-2173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Chlorogenic Acid\u2013Gut Microbiota Interactions: New Insights for Alleviating Chronic Diseases and Health Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport , Shanghai, 200438,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University , Shenyang, 110115,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University , Shenyang, 110115,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Liaoyang Liaohua Hospital , Shenyang, 110115,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8565-1691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin-an","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport , Shanghai, 200438,","place":["China"]},{"name":"College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University , Shenyang, 110115,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154961","article-title":"Chlorogenic acids: a pharmacological systematic review on their hepatoprotective effects","volume":"118","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3905","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867329666220816154634","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid: a dietary phenolic acid with promising pharmacotherapeutic potential","volume":"30","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557523666230822095959","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid derivatives: structural modifications, drug design, and biological activities: a review","volume":"24","author":"Joneidi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2302798","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302798","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid ameliorates post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome by regulating extracellular vesicles of gut microbes","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6987","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO00038E","article-title":"Moderation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism by chlorogenic acid improves high-fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension in mice","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01108-6","article-title":"Feeding gut microbes to nourish the brain: unravelling the diet-microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"6","author":"Schneider","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10500","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01778K","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid inhibits trimethylamine-N-oxide formation and remodels intestinal microbiota to alleviate liver dysfunction in high L-carnitine feeding mice","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11759","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c01595","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid\/linoleic acid-fortified wheat-resistant starch ameliorates high-fat diet-induced gut barrier damage by modulating gut metabolism","volume":"72","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4794","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224794","article-title":"Nutritional assessment in patients with chronic diseases: tools, challenges, and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.141505","article-title":"Fast, sensitive, and sustainable colorimetric detection of chlorogenic acid in artichoke waste material","volume":"463","author":"Cuffaro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NP00030H","article-title":"Chlorogenic acids and the acyl-quinic acids: discovery, biosynthesis, bioavailability and bioactivity","volume":"34","author":"Clifford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Prod Rep"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12620","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid: a comprehensive review of the dietary sources, processing effects, bioavailability, beneficial properties, mechanisms of action, and future directions","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3302","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29143302","article-title":"Coffee bean and its chemical constituent caffeine and chlorogenic acid as promising chemoprevention agents: updated biological studies against cancer cells","volume":"29","author":"Aborziza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127227","article-title":"Glutathionyl-S-chlorogenic acid is present in fruit of Vaccinium species, potato tubers and apple juice","volume":"330","author":"McDougall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8812","DOI":"10.1021\/jf062009b","article-title":"Quantitative determination of phenolic compounds in artichoke-based dietary supplements and pharmaceuticals by high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"54","author":"Sch\u00fctz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.202200352","article-title":"Simultaneous separation and determination of five chlorogenic acid isomers in honeysuckle by capillary electrophoresis using self-synthesized ionic liquid [N-methylimidazole-\u03b2-cyclodextrin] [bromide] as separation selector","volume":"45","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sep Sci"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2840","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0306800","article-title":"Activity and concentration of polyphenolic antioxidants in apple juice. 2. Effect of novel production methods","volume":"52","author":"van der Sluis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40390-4","article-title":"Microencapsulation by spray-drying and freeze-drying of extract of phenolic compounds obtained from Ciriguela peel","volume":"13","author":"da Silva J\u00fanior","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12518","article-title":"Bioavailability and metabolism of chlorogenic acids (acyl-quinic acids) in humans","volume":"19","author":"Clifford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15390","article-title":"Caffeoylquinic acids: chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity","volume":"107","author":"Alc\u00e1zar Maga\u00f1a","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.5.1192","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid is absorbed in its intact form in the stomach of rats","volume":"136","author":"Lafay","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10489","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c03804","article-title":"Current advances in naturally occurring caffeoylquinic acids: structure, bioactivity, and synthesis","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61139-7","article-title":"Optimization of ultrasonic pretreatment and analysis of chlorogenic acid in potato leaves","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2080820","article-title":"Bioavailability of coffee chlorogenic acids and green tea flavan-3-ols","volume":"2","author":"Del Rio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1290-1","article-title":"Bioavailability of chlorogenic acids in rats after acute ingestion of mat\u00e9 tea (Ilex paraguariensis) or 5-caffeoylquinic acid","volume":"56","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20061714","article-title":"Absorption and metabolism of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid in the small intestine of rats","volume":"96","author":"Lafay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5496","DOI":"10.1021\/jf000483q","article-title":"Absorption of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in rats after oral administration","volume":"48","author":"Azuma","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.03.061","article-title":"Enzymatic mitigation of 5-O-chlorogenic acid for an improved digestibility of coffee","volume":"258","author":"Siebert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.10.2196","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid compounds from coffee are differentially absorbed and metabolized in humans","volume":"137","author":"Monteiro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3706","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183706","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid and quercetin in a diet with fermentable fiber influence multiple processes involved in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis but do not reduce injury","volume":"14","author":"Maslin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27113400","article-title":"Coffee chlorogenic acids incorporation for bioactivity enhancement of foods: a review","volume":"27","author":"Rojas-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2943-4","article-title":"An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities","volume":"76","author":"Adak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1848158","article-title":"Gut Bacteroides species in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Zafar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291148","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1291148","article-title":"Gut bacteria: an etiological agent in human pathological conditions","volume":"14","author":"Islam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0296-0","article-title":"(Dis)Trust your gut: the gut microbiome in age-related inflammation, health, and disease","volume":"5","author":"Buford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2017.1394449","article-title":"Dietary chlorogenic acid regulates gut microbiota, serum-free amino acids and colonic serotonin levels in growing pigs","volume":"69","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300441","article-title":"In vitro transformation of chlorogenic acid by human gut microbiota","volume":"58","author":"Tomas-Barberan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.07.084","article-title":"Microbial metabolism of caffeic acid and its esters chlorogenic and caftaric acids by human faecal microbiota in vitro","volume":"60","author":"Gonthier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.06.013","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid versus amaranth\u2019s caffeoylisocitric acid\u2014gut microbial degradation of caffeic acid derivatives","volume":"100","author":"Vollmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO04116A","article-title":"Apple polyphenol extract modulates bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota by regulating the circadian rhythms in daytime-restricted high fat diet feeding C57BL\/6 male mice","volume":"13","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514003948","article-title":"In vitro colonic metabolism of coffee and chlorogenic acid results in selective changes in human faecal microbiota growth","volume":"113","author":"Mills","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c07579","article-title":"Caffeic acid and its derivatives: antimicrobial drugs toward microbial pathogens","volume":"69","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784211","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.784211","article-title":"Caffeic acid supplement alleviates colonic inflammation and oxidative stress potentially through improved gut microbiota community in mice","volume":"12","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110240","article-title":"Caffeic acid prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet through gut microbiota modulation in mice","volume":"143","author":"Mu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1021\/jm010964g","article-title":"Novel tricyclic-alpha-alkyloxyphenylpropionic acids: dual PPARalpha\/gamma agonists with hypolipidemic and antidiabetic activity","volume":"45","author":"Sauerberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.013","article-title":"Resveratrol reduces obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice via modulating the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota","volume":"156","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396354","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1396354","article-title":"Osteogenic mechanism of chlorogenic acid and its application in clinical practice","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1800396","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201800396","article-title":"In vitro gut metabolism of [U-13 C]-quinic acid, the other hydrolysis product of chlorogenic acid","volume":"62","author":"Naranjo Pinta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76558-5","article-title":"The gut microbiome drives inter- and intra-individual differences in metabolism of bioactive small molecules","volume":"10","author":"Kerimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-10025-8","article-title":"Changes of porcine gut microbiota in response to dietary chlorogenic acid supplementation","volume":"103","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2023.101075","article-title":"Grafting chlorogenic acid enhanced the antioxidant activity of curdlan oligosaccharides and modulated gut microbiota","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem X"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977292","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.977292","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulation by plant polyphenols in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169375","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1169375","article-title":"Effects of dietary chlorogenic acid on ileal intestinal morphology, barrier function, immune factors and gut microbiota of broilers under high stocking density stress","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347053","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1347053","article-title":"Effects of dietary chlorogenic acid on cecal microbiota and metabolites in broilers during lipopolysaccharide-induced immune stress","volume":"15","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13020303","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with chlorogenic acid enhances antioxidant capacity, which promotes growth, jejunum barrier function, and cecum microbiota in broilers under high stocking density stress","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14202957","article-title":"Responses of intestinal antioxidant capacity, morphology, barrier function, immunity, and microbial diversity to chlorogenic acid in late-peak laying hens","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0365","article-title":"Global incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"29","author":"Teng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5341","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4178","article-title":"Polyphenols improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via gut microbiota: a comprehensive review","volume":"12","author":"Mohammadhasani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827516","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.827516","article-title":"Amelioration of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide, chlorogenic acid, and geniposide combination is associated with reducing endotoxin gut leakage","volume":"12","author":"Leng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2022.109020","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid alleviated liver fibrosis in methionine and choline deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice and its mechanism","volume":"106","author":"Miao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28356","article-title":"The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota","volume":"63","author":"Boursier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693048","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.693048","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid improves NAFLD by regulating gut microbiota and GLP-1","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6829","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c02532","article-title":"Apple polyphenol extract improves high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating bile acid synthesis and gut microbiota in C57BL\/6 male mice","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01399","article-title":"Geniposide and chlorogenic acid combination ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis involving the protection on the gut barrier function in mouse induced by high-fat diet","volume":"9","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B65","first-page":"241","article-title":"Short term effects of coffee components consumption on gut microbiota in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver and diabetes: a pilot randomized placebo-controlled, clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Mansour","year":"2020","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113513","article-title":"Indole-3-carbinol and chlorogenic acid combination modulates gut microbiome and attenuates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a murine model","volume":"174","author":"Bacil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b05444","article-title":"Effects of dicaffeoylquinic acids from ilex kudingcha on lipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota in high-fat-diet-fed mice","volume":"67","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6485","DOI":"10.1021\/jf902107d","article-title":"Interaction between phenolics and gut microbiota: role in human health","volume":"57","author":"Selma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2024.2318590","article-title":"Dietary chlorogenic acid alleviates high-fat diet-induced steatotic liver disease by regulating metabolites and gut microbiota","volume":"75","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02403-5","article-title":"Contemporary medical, device, and surgical therapies for obesity in adults","volume":"401","author":"Perdomo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.868","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid alleviates obesity and modulates gut microbiota in high-fat-fed mice","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-022-01077-1","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid improves anti-lipogenic activity of metformin by positive regulating of AMPK signaling in HepG2 cells","volume":"80","author":"Namvarjah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.01.003","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid exhibits anti-obesity property and improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced-obese mice","volume":"48","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10675","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid ameliorates obesity by preventing energy balance shift in high-fat diet induced obese mice","volume":"101","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762691","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.762691","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid-induced gut microbiota improves metabolic endotoxemia","volume":"12","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02311-4","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid in green bean coffee on body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Kanchanasurakit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020438","article-title":"Gut microbiota and predicted metabolic pathways in a sample of Mexican women affected by obesity and obesity plus metabolic syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Ch\u00e1vez-Carbajal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8317","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8317","article-title":"Alteration of the gut microbiota associated with childhood obesity by 16S rRNA gene sequencing","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2018.10.009","article-title":"The gut microbiome of Mexican children affected by obesity","volume":"55","author":"Maya-Lucas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.20168","article-title":"The gut microbiota and its relationship to diet and obesity: new insights","volume":"3","author":"Clarke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2021.114550","article-title":"Obesity influences the microbiotic biotransformation of chlorogenic acid","volume":"211","author":"Mortel\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600290","article-title":"High phenolics Rutgers Scarlet Lettuce improves glucose metabolism in high fat diet-induced obese mice","volume":"60","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104251","article-title":"Effects of baicalin and chlorogenic acid on growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function and intestinal health of broilers","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01125","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid protects against indomethacin-induced inflammation and mucosa damage by decreasing Bacteroides-derived LPS","volume":"11","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06190-4","article-title":"Polyphenol-rich diet mediates interplay between macrophage-neutrophil and gut microbiota to alleviate intestinal inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23665","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202400382R","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid ameliorates intestinal inflammation via miRNA-microbe axis in db\/db mice","volume":"38","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070677","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid ameliorates experimental colitis by promoting growth of Akkermansia in mice","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO03306B","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid combined with epigallocatechin-3-gallate mitigates D-galactose-induced gut aging in mice","volume":"14","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4968","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO01126E","article-title":"Dietary chlorogenic acid supplementation affects gut morphology, antioxidant capacity and intestinal selected bacterial populations in weaned piglets","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9954","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25189954","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid enhances the intestinal health of weaned piglets by inhibiting the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway and activating the Nrf2 pathway","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-00824-9","article-title":"An update on chronic complications of diabetes mellitus: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies with a focus on metabolic memory","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.135195","article-title":"Myofibrillar protein-chlorogenic acid complexes ameliorate glucose metabolism via modulating gut microbiota in a type 2 diabetic rat model","volume":"409","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042044","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1042044","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid improves glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, inflammation and microbiota composition in diabetic db\/db mice","volume":"13","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6585","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126585","article-title":"Kidney aging and chronic kidney disease","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10182","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c03099","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid prevents hyperuricemia nephropathy via regulating TMAO-related gut microbes and inhibiting the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway","volume":"70","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO01755G","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid relieves lead-induced cognitive impairments and hepato-renal damage via regulating the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in mice","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5637","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO03199B","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid supplementation ameliorates hyperuricemia, relieves renal inflammation, and modulates intestinal homeostasis","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c06698","article-title":"Protection mechanisms underlying oral administration of chlorogenic acid against cadmium-induced hepatorenal injury related to regulating intestinal flora balance","volume":"69","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165767","article-title":"Diet, inflammation and the gut microbiome: mechanisms for obesity-associated cognitive impairment","volume":"1866","author":"Leigh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.108013","article-title":"Polyphenols and neuroprotection: therapeutic implications for cognitive decline","volume":"232","author":"Caruso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c07479","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid ameliorates high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced cognitive impairment via mediating the microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"70","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308002","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1308002","article-title":"Gut microbiota in combination with blood metabolites reveals characteristics of the disease cluster of coronary artery disease and cognitive impairment: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155194","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid improves the cognitive deficits of sleep-deprived mice via regulation of immunity function and intestinal flora","volume":"123","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO03334D","article-title":"Protective effects of chlorogenic acid on trimethyltin chloride-induced neurobehavioral dysfunctions in mice relying on the gut microbiota","volume":"13","author":"Xi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c06809","article-title":"A flower-like brain targeted selenium nanocluster lowers the chlorogenic acid dose for ameliorating cognitive impairment in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.06.002","article-title":"The bidirectional relationship of depression and inflammation: double trouble","volume":"107","author":"Beurel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO02599A","article-title":"Modulation of gut microbiota by chlorogenic acid pretreatment on rats with adrenocorticotropic hormone induced depression-like behavior","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107781","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1107781","article-title":"Cuscutae semen alleviates CUS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice via the gut microbiota-neuroinflammation axis","volume":"14","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO04606K","article-title":"Apple polyphenol extract ameliorates sugary-diet-induced depression-like behaviors in male C57BL\/6 mice by inhibiting the inflammation of the gut-brain axis","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25118","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c07035","article-title":"Apple polyphenol extracts attenuated depressive-like behaviors of high-sucrose diet feeding mice by farnesoid X receptor-mediated modulation of bile acid circulation within the liver-gut-brain axis","volume":"72","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16070924","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid: a systematic review on the biological functions, mechanistic actions, and therapeutic potentials","volume":"16","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148737","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1148737","article-title":"Geniposide plus chlorogenic acid reverses non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via regulation of gut microbiota and bile acid signaling in a mouse model in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27820","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15482","article-title":"Multi-targeting therapeutic mechanisms of the Chinese herbal medicine QHD in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"8","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5579","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c01461","article-title":"The ameliorating effects of apple polyphenol extract on high-fat-diet-induced hepatic steatosis are SIRT1-dependent: evidence from hepatic-specific SIRT1 heterozygous mutant C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"70","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10710","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO01619B","article-title":"The combination of sodium alginate and chlorogenic acid enhances the therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis by the regulation of inflammation and the intestinal flora","volume":"13","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3456542","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3456542","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid alleviates colon mucosal damage induced by a high-fat diet via gut microflora adjustment to increase short-chain fatty acid accumulation in rats","volume":"2021","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01681","article-title":"Supplemental plant extracts from Flos lonicerae in combination with Baikal skullcap attenuate intestinal disruption and modulate gut microbiota in laying hens challenged by Salmonella pullorum","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026090214270947400_nuaf227-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109559","article-title":"Lycium barbarum L. leaves ameliorate type 2 diabetes in rats by modulating metabolic profiles and gut microbiota composition","volume":"121","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/84\/10\/2147\/65396611\/nuaf227.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/84\/10\/2147\/65396611\/nuaf227.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:27:25Z","timestamp":1788373645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article\/84\/10\/2147\/8328232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf227","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6643","1753-4887"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6643","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4887","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]}}}