{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T19:14:08Z","timestamp":1788376448595,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32302045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20220333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20220333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Enterprise Innovation Development and Energy Upgrading Project of Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission","award":["2022013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022013"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control","award":["SKL202415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL202415"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025M772964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M772964"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although probiotics are considered a possible treatment for alcoholic liver disease (ALD), their effectiveness in enhancing liver function in patients with ALD is still unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this investigation we sought to determine the influence of probiotics on liver function markers in patients with ALD. with a focus on the efficacy of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). We also examined aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), albumin (ALB), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through systematic searches of medical databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and Wan Fang, we identified 15 randomized controlled trials involving patients with alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Probiotic therapy significantly reduced levels of ALT (standard mean difference [SMD], \u22120.50; 95% CI, \u22120.86 to \u22120.14; P\u2009=\u2009.007) and AST (SMD, \u2009\u22120.26; 95% CI, \u22120.52 to 0.00; P\u2009=\u2009.05). No significant effects were observed on TB (SMD, \u2009\u22120.90; 95% CI, \u22121.06 to 0.13; P\u2009=\u2009.12), ALB (SMD, 0.16; 95% CI, \u22120.06 to 0.37; P\u2009=\u2009.15), or GGT (SMD, 0.14; 95% CI, \u22120.11 to 0.40; P\u2009=\u2009.26) levels. Regional disparities were noted, with Asian patients showing a significant reduction in ALT levels. Patients undergoing treatments lasting 8 weeks or more also showed significant reductions in ALT levels. Furthermore, in this review we identified a more pronounced effect on ALT level reduction in subgroups with a higher proportion of male participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to this meta-analysis, administration of probiotics could assist in managing ALT levels in ALD patients, offering a novel approach to ALD treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024619024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T13:54:50Z","timestamp":1760450090000},"page":"1984-1998","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Meta-analysis of the Effects of Probiotics on Alcoholic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Jiadila","family":"Bahetiyaer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arafat Md","family":"Ferdous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd , Shanghai 200436,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9192-5149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinchi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5170","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105170","article-title":"Alcohol-related liver disease: basic mechanisms and clinical perspectives","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-022-01143-9","article-title":"Management of alcohol-related liver disease and its complications","volume":"42","author":"Cabezas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Drug Invest"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2024.101499","article-title":"Alcohol-related liver disease: a global perspective","volume":"29","author":"Narro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0599","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000599","article-title":"The gut microbiota-produced vitamin B6 mitigates alcohol-associated liver disease by attenuating hepatic oxidative stress damage","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v16.i9.846","article-title":"Innovative mesenchymal stem cell treatments for fatty liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Stem Cells"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30326-7","article-title":"The knowns and unknowns of treatment for alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"5","author":"Sehrawat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.03.006","article-title":"Emerging therapies for alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"25","author":"Thanda Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.26442\/00403660.2023.02.202071","article-title":"[Principles of treatment of different forms of alcoholic liver disease: a review]","volume":"95","author":"Raikhelson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ter Arkh"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2024.06.018","article-title":"Current pharmacotherapy and nutrition therapy of alcohol-associated liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Hardesty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2023.04.002","article-title":"Liver transplantation: protocol for recipient selection, evaluation, and assessment","volume":"13","author":"Fatima","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i9.2143","article-title":"Therapy for alcoholic liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Jaurigue","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02869.x","article-title":"Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease in Europe: a study from the ELTR (European Liver Transplant Registry)","volume":"10","author":"Burra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21898","article-title":"De novo malignancies following liver transplantation: impact and recommendations","volume":"15","author":"Herrero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.04.004","article-title":"EASL clinical practical guidelines: management of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"57","author":"European Association for the Study of Liver","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00402","article-title":"The intestinal microbiome and the leaky gut as therapeutic targets in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"3","author":"Hartmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258062","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1258062","article-title":"Gut microbiota in alcohol-related liver disease: pathophysiology and gut-brain cross talk","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.24425\/fmc.2024.150156","article-title":"Alcohol-associated liver disease\u2014a current overview","volume":"64","author":"Mirowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Folia Med Cracov"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0083421","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00834-21","article-title":"Integrated analyses of the gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and serum metabolome phenotype in rats with alcohol withdrawal syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.53589","article-title":"A perspective of intestinal immune-microbiome interactions in alcohol-associated liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Bruellman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03374-w","article-title":"Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review","volume":"19","author":"Di Vincenzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24018","article-title":"Enteric dysbiosis associated with a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"53","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01022.x","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis: a possible mechanism of alcohol-induced endotoxemia and alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats","volume":"33","author":"Mutlu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2020.14.4.299","article-title":"Effect of probiotics Lactobacillus paracasei GKS6, L. plantarum GKM3, and L. rhamnosus GKLC1 on alleviating alcohol-induced alcoholic liver disease in a mouse model","volume":"14","author":"Tsai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Res Pract"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B24","first-page":"1455","article-title":"Probiotics-mixed messages","volume":"51","author":"Mack","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729950","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.729950","article-title":"Probiotics-based treatment as an integral approach for alcohol use disorder in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Fuenzalida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15265","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c01353","article-title":"Differences in the ability of lactic acid bacteria to prevent acute alcohol-induced liver injury via the gut microbiota-bile acid-liver axis","volume":"72","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10365-6","article-title":"Therapeutic role of probiotics against environmental-induced hepatotoxicity: mechanisms, clinical perspectives, limitations, and future","volume":"17","author":"Noor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358063","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1358063","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1568-y","article-title":"Effect of probiotics and synbiotics consumption on serum concentrations of liver function test enzymes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Khalesi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2015.68.3.220","article-title":"Standard deviation and standard error of the mean","volume":"68","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ED000142","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.ED000142","article-title":"Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","volume":"10","author":"Cumpston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.03.017","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 7. Rating the quality of evidence\u2014inconsistency","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B34","first-page":"15","article-title":"Assessing the influence of a single study in the meta-analysis estimate","volume":"47","author":"Tobias","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stata Tech Bull"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-4356(01)00377-8","article-title":"Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis: guidelines on choice of axis","volume":"54","author":"Sterne","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-00852-8","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus casei on lipid metabolism and intestinal microflora in patients with alcoholic liver injury","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.20047\/j.issn1673-7210.2024.14.27","article-title":"Clinical effect of Yigong SAN combined with probiotics on alcoholic cirrhosis with spleen deficiency and dampness","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"China Med Her"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002283","article-title":"The beneficial effects of Lactobacillus GG therapy on liver and drinking assessments in patients with moderate alcohol-associated hepatitis","volume":"118","author":"Vatsalya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071474","article-title":"Beneficial shifts in gut microbiota by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 in alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"10","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061651","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of probiotic Lactobacillus casei shirota in stable cirrhotic patients","volume":"12","author":"Macnaughtan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.02.015","article-title":"Effect of probiotic treatment on deranged neutrophil function and cytokine responses in patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"48","author":"Stadlbauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000458","article-title":"Effects of probiotics (cultured Lactobacillus subtilis\/Streptococcus faecium) in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis: randomized-controlled multicenter study","volume":"27","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-012-9408-x","article-title":"Probiotics promote rapid-turnover protein production by restoring gut flora in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis","volume":"7","author":"Koga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2008.08.006","article-title":"Probiotics restore bowel flora and improve liver enzymes in human alcohol-induced liver injury: a pilot study","volume":"42","author":"Kirpich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.14035\/j.cnki.hljyy.2011.01.055","article-title":"Effect of reconstructing intestinal flora on treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with chronic diarrhea","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heilongjiang Med"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.13381\/j.cnki.cjm.201901018","article-title":"Influebce of clostridium butyricum tablets combined with polyene phosphatidyl choline on intestinal flora and inflammatory factors of patients with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Microecol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i27.2703","article-title":"Binge drinking: burden of liver disease and beyond","volume":"7","author":"Llerena","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B48","first-page":"463","article-title":"Alcoholic hepatitis: how far are we and where are we going?","volume":"15","author":"Prado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240031","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2240031","article-title":"Unveiling the complex relationship between gut microbiota and liver cancer: opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions","volume":"15","author":"Rajapakse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457218","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1457218","article-title":"Cross-talk between macrophages and gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: a dynamic interplay influencing pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"11","author":"Ning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B51","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"47","author":"Woods","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfaa065","article-title":"Targeting the gut microbiota by Asian and Western dietary constituents: a new avenue for diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Conteh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol Res (Camb)"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6570","DOI":"10.1039\/d3fo02182c","article-title":"Compositional and functional features of the intestinal lactobacilli associated with different long-term diet types","volume":"14","author":"Yi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13152386","article-title":"Probiotic functions in fermented foods: anti-viral, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer benefits","volume":"13","author":"Pyo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071527","article-title":"Fermented foods, health and the gut microbiome","volume":"14","author":"Leeuwendaal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328620","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1328620","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of popular fermented dairy products and its benefits on human health","volume":"11","author":"Saleem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081806","article-title":"Fermented foods: definitions and characteristics, impact on the gut microbiota and effects on gastrointestinal health and disease","volume":"11","author":"Dimidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8066","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2053060","article-title":"Effect of fermented foods on some neurological diseases, microbiota, behaviors: mini review","volume":"63","author":"Ero\u011flu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-024-01634-9","article-title":"Lactic acid bacteria in Asian fermented foods and their beneficial roles in human health","volume":"33","author":"Doo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051146","article-title":"Bifidobacterium bifidum CCFM1163 Alleviated Cathartic Colon by Regulating the Intestinal Barrier and Restoring Enteric Nerves","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-023-10189-w","article-title":"Bifidobacteria in fermented dairy foods: a health beneficial outlook","volume":"17","author":"Jena","year":"2025","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.10.015","article-title":"Gut microbiota and probiotics in chronic liver diseases","volume":"43","author":"Cesaro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-022-00571-1","article-title":"Tea and tea drinking: China\u2019s outstanding contributions to the mankind","volume":"17","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0442-z","article-title":"Effect of amount and duration of waste green tea powder on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, and lipid metabolites of growing broilers","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101731","article-title":"Green tea polyphenolic antioxidants oxidize hydrogen sulfide to thiosulfate and polysulfides: a possible new mechanism underpinning their biological action","volume":"37","author":"Olson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22030484","article-title":"Catechins and their therapeutic benefits to inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"22","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-012-9462-5","article-title":"Metabolites of Lactobacillus plantarum 2142 prevent oxidative stress-induced overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in IPEC-J2 cell line","volume":"35","author":"Paszti-Gere","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9097276","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9097276","article-title":"Probiotics for alleviating alcoholic liver injury","volume":"2019","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23051176","article-title":"A review on the weight-loss effects of oxidized tea polyphenols","volume":"23","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128368","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation with tea polyphenols and probiotics on laying performance, biochemical parameters intestinal morphology and microflora of laying hens","volume":"256","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2020.10.008","article-title":"The life-long role of nutrition on the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal disease","volume":"50","author":"Romano-Keeler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1293-2","article-title":"Organic selenium, probiotics, and prebiotics effects on growth, blood biochemistry, and carcass traits of growing rabbits during summer and winter seasons","volume":"186","author":"Ayyat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.14000","article-title":"Reduction of postweaning stress by fasting regimen and probiotics supplementation and study its effects on cecal microbiota and physiological parameters of growing rabbits","volume":"108","author":"Khalifa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl)"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846873","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.846873","article-title":"Probiotic therapy with VSL#3\u00ae in patients with NAFLD: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Derosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146672","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1146672","article-title":"Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC14917 mitigates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat-diet-fed rats","volume":"14","author":"Wen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.07.068","article-title":"Targeted delivery of probiotics to enhance gastrointestinal stability and intestinal colonisation","volume":"530","author":"Dodoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1999.00560.x","article-title":"Impact on the composition of the faecal flora by a new probiotic preparation: preliminary data on maintenance treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"13","author":"Venturi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B78","first-page":"170","article-title":"Probiotics for gastrointestinal conditions: a summary of the evidence","volume":"96","author":"Wilkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-017-9273-y","article-title":"Roles of probiotic lactobacilli inclusion in helping piglets establish healthy intestinal inter-environment for pathogen defense","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220821","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2022-0821","article-title":"Probiotics for inflammatory bowel disease: is there sufficient evidence?","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Life Sci"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12102109","article-title":"The Consumption of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HDB1258 changes human gut microbiota and induces immune enhancement through NK cell activation","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00512.x","article-title":"Lysosomal leakage and lack of adaptation of hepatoprotective enzyme contribute to enhanced susceptibility to ethanol-induced liver injury in female rats","volume":"31","author":"Donohue","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.10.002","article-title":"Spectrum, screening, and diagnosis of alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Hernandez-Tejero","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agt138","article-title":"Sex-specific differences in the development of acute alcohol-induced liver steatosis in mice","volume":"48","author":"Wagnerberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i11.1377","article-title":"Alcoholic liver injury: influence of gender and hormones","volume":"16","author":"Eagon","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.1237","article-title":"Influence of sex in alcohol-related liver disease: pre-clinical and clinical settings","volume":"11","author":"Bizzaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02242.x","article-title":"Gender differences in pharmacokinetics of alcohol","volume":"25","author":"Baraona","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199001113220205","article-title":"High blood alcohol levels in women. The role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism","volume":"322","author":"Frezza","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2022.08.010","article-title":"Influence of age and sex on alcohol pharmacokinetics and subjective pharmacodynamic responses following intravenous alcohol exposure in humans","volume":"107","author":"Vatsalya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5491465","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5491465","article-title":"Probiotics and alcoholic liver disease: treatment and potential mechanisms","volume":"2016","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6076","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26196076","article-title":"Probiotics regulate gut microbiota: an effective method to improve immunity","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.115923","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG combined with inosine ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury through regulation of intestinal barrier and Treg\/Th1 cells","volume":"439","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143548","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1143548","article-title":"Probiotics fortify intestinal barrier function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2014.0088","article-title":"The effect of probiotics on serum levels of cytokine and endotoxin in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9509-5","article-title":"Effects of synbiotics and probiotics supplementation on serum levels of endotoxin, heat shock protein 70 antibodies and inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients: a randomized double-blinded controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Haghighat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.08.018","article-title":"CYP2E1 and oxidant stress in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"58","author":"Leung","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11071258","article-title":"Ethanol metabolism in the liver, the induction of oxidant stress, and the antioxidant defense system","volume":"11","author":"Contreras-Zentella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"2026090214270759300_nuaf228-B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040911","article-title":"Recent trends on mitigative effect of probiotics on oxidative-stress-induced gut dysfunction in broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge: a review","volume":"12","author":"Obianwuna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/84\/10\/1984\/65670865\/nuaf228.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/84\/10\/1984\/65670865\/nuaf228.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:27:16Z","timestamp":1788373636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article\/84\/10\/1984\/8362637"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf228","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6643","1753-4887"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6643","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4887","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]}}}