{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T19:11:20Z","timestamp":1781118680385,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC2000604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC2000604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFC2006703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2006703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic metabolic disorder frequently linked to unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary behavior. Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for T2DM, which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. While exercise interventions are an effective strategy in the management of diabetes mellitus and its complications, vitamin\u2009D supplementation has also shown potential to enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce inflammation in patients with T2DM. Recent studies have indicated that combining exercise with vitamin\u2009D supplementation may overcome the limitations of single interventions, yielding significant synergistic effects in managing T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to examine the effects of exercise combined with vitamin\u2009D supplementation on glycemic control, body mass index (BMI), and lipid profiles in patients with T2DM and to explore the optimal dosage and duration of combined interventions, offering evidence-based guidance for clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of 8 databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, CBM, VIP, and WanFang) was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials published up to March 12, 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data extraction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study we evaluated the effects of exercise training (Ex) and vitamin\u2009D supplementation (VD) separately or their combination (Ex-VD) on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and BMI in patients with T2DM through randomized controlled trials. The outcomes include glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and BMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The meta-analysis results indicated that, compared to the control group, the Ex-VD group had significantly reduced BMI (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), HbA1c (P\u2009=\u2009.01), FBG (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), TC (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), TG (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), LDL (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), and HDL (P\u2009=\u2009.02) levels in patients with T2DM. Subgroup analysis of different doses of vitamin\u2009D supplementation combined with exercise showed that supplementation of &amp;gt;2000\u2009IU\/d significantly improved blood glucose, BMI, TC, TG, and LDL levels. Subgroup analysis comparing combined and single interventions indicated that the Ex-VD group had a greater effect on HbA1c, FBG, TC, and TG compared to single intervention alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The integrated intervention of exercise and vitamin\u2009D supplementation demonstrates significant efficacy in improving glycemic control, lipid profiles, and BMI among patients with T2DM. Notably, the combined approach yields greater improvements in glycosylated hemoglobin, FBG, HDL, LDL, TG, and TC compared to either intervention alone. Based on these findings, clinical guidelines for T2DM management should incorporate an 8- to 12-week structured exercise regimen (equivalent to 900-1026 metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-min\/wk) complemented by daily vitamin\u2009D supplementation exceeding 2000\u2009IU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023445462. Available from: https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php? ID=CRD42023445462<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuag010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T13:44:41Z","timestamp":1774359881000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Exercise Combined With Vitamin D Interventions on Glucose-Lipid Metabolism and Obesity in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5729-9707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruoya","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shandong University , Jinan 250061,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Sport and Science, Beijing Sport University , Beijing 100084,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Science, Beijing Sport University , Beijing 100084,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Science, Beijing Sport University , Beijing 100084,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qirui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Science, Beijing Sport University , Beijing 100084,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoyi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Science, Beijing Sport University , Beijing 100084,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Science, Beijing Sport University , Beijing 100084,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032409443653400_nuag010-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0442","article-title":"Globalization of diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026032409443653400_nuag010-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843","article-title":"Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition","volume":"157","author":"Saeedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2026032409443653400_nuag010-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30058-2","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes","volume":"389","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032409443653400_nuag010-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.16","article-title":"Looking back at look AHEAD\u2014giving lifestyle a chance","volume":"10","author":"Despr\u00e9s","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026032409443653400_nuag010-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2016.06.007","article-title":"The role of vitamin D, obesity and physical exercise in regulation of glycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients","volume":"10","author":"Bener","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"2026032409443653400_nuag010-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-S014","article-title":"American Diabetes Association. 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