{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:21:14Z","timestamp":1792092074388,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s HORIZON 2022 research and innovation program","award":["101080718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101080718"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood overweight\/obesity (Ov\/Ob), and its association with metabolic complications, known as metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), is a major public health problem. Diet is an important modifiable determinant of weight status, but the relationship between dietary patterns and Ov\/Ob or MUO in children\/adolescents in Western countries remains poorly studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore associations between adherence to dietary patterns and Ov\/Ob or MUO risk in children\/adolescents aged 2-19\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to identify prospective epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with \u226512 months of follow-up for both study designs, from PUBMED and Scopus published between January 2013 and November 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-two prospective studies were included, all of which reported on Ov\/Ob risk. No studies addressing MUO risk were identified. Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The dietary patterns were categorized as healthy or unhealthy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthy dietary patterns had a positive effect, whereas unhealthy dietary patterns had a negative impact on various anthropometric parameters in children and adolescents. A higher level of adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of childhood Ov\/Ob (odds ratio [OR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.96 [adjusted model]) and with a decrease in the longitudinal change of the body mass index (\u03b2, \u2212.10; 95% CI, \u2212.0.16 to \u2212.0.05 kg\/m2 [adjusted model]) while a higher level of adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of childhood Ov\/Ob (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08-1.37 [adjusted model]) compared to a lower level of adherence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In children and adolescents, a preventive effect against Ov\/Ob is exhibited with higher adherence to healthy dietary patterns, while unhealthy dietary patterns contribute to an increased risk of Ov\/Ob. The observed associations were modest in magnitude, and the absence of RCTs limits the strength of the evidence. No studies were identified relative to MUO, highlighting a significant research gap.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration No. [CRD42023477613]<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuag079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T11:45:28Z","timestamp":1776858328000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dietary Patterns and Risk of Overweight\/Obesity in Children and Adolescents in Western Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies With at Least 1 Year of Follow-Up"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Athanasia","family":"Kyrkili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens , Athens, 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Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London , London, WC1E 6BT,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eirini","family":"Bathrellou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens , Athens, 17676,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Georgoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens , Athens, 17676,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2171-7337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Yannakoulia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, 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