{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T16:55:11Z","timestamp":1781456111667,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported inconsistent findings on the association between late eating and the risk of obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the association between late eating and the risk of obesity through a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library to retrieve relevant studies on this topic published up to September 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We extracted an adjusted odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) and the corresponding 95% CI in each included study on the association between late eating and the risk of obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 3 case-control and 5 cohort studies were included in the final analysis. In the meta-analysis of all the included studies, late eating was significantly associated with a higher risk of obesity (OR and HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.34). In the subgroup meta-analysis, late eating significantly increased the risk of obesity in cohort studies (OR and HR,1.20; 95% CI, 1.04-1.38) mostly conducted in Asian populations, whereas no significant association between them was found in case-control studies (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.49-1.50). Also, subgroup meta-analyses showed a positive association in adults and high-quality studies, but not in adolescents and low-quality studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the current meta-analysis of cohort studies, late eating was associated with a higher risk of obesity in adults, while no association was observed in adolescents. Further prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm our findings in adolescents and Western populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuag087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T11:27:36Z","timestamp":1777980456000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Late Eating and Obesity: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Yunseo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Peninsula University Hospital , Frankston, VIC 3199,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heram","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Western Sydney University , Campbelltown, NSW 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