{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:12:09Z","timestamp":1789492329221,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The global prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise, imposing substantial health and economic burdens. Time-restricted eating (TRE) and exercise each improve body composition and cardiometabolic health, although both carry limitations when applied in isolation. However, evidence specifically examining their combined effects in adults with overweight or obesity remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of TRE combined with exercise (TRE\u2009+\u2009EX) compared with a control diet (CD) plus exercise (CD\u2009+\u2009EX) on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with overweight or obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception through April 2026, with reference lists additionally screened.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two reviewers independently extracted study characteristics, participant demographics, intervention protocols, and outcome data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven RCTs enrolling 602 participants were included. Compared with CD\u2009+\u2009EX, TRE\u2009+\u2009EX produced modest reductions in body weight (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.64\u2009kg; 95% CI, \u22122.49 to \u22120.79), fat mass (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.30\u2009kg; 95% CI, \u22121.72 to \u22120.89), and waist circumference (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.53\u2009cm; 95% CI, \u22122.61 to \u22120.44), and significant improvements in body mass index (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.83\u2009kg m\u22122; 95% CI, \u22121.34 to \u22120.33) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.44; 95% CI, \u22120.82 to \u22120.06), without significantly affecting fat-free mass. No significant between-group differences were observed for fasting glucose, fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c, lipid profiles, or blood pressure. Subgroup analyses indicated that interventions longer than 8\u2009weeks produced significantly greater reductions in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with CD\u2009+\u2009EX, TRE\u2009+\u2009EX improved body composition and HOMA-IR in adults with overweight or obesity, whereas no significant differences were observed in lipid profiles or blood pressure. Furthermore, longer intervention durations may contribute to greater improvements in glycemic markers. Large-scale RCTs with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these findings and identify optimal TRE\u2009+\u2009EX combinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration No. CRD420261298734<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuag137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:24:32Z","timestamp":1788780272000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Time-Restricted Eating Combined with Exercise on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8959-3330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junchao","family":"Ai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, China University of Petroleum (Beijing) , Beijing, 102249, People\u2019s Republic of","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueshuai","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, China University of Petroleum (Beijing) , Beijing, 102249, People\u2019s Republic of","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, China University of Petroleum (Beijing) , Beijing, 102249, People\u2019s Republic of","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02750-2","article-title":"Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults","volume":"403","author":"Phelps","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4","article-title":"Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","author":"Brauer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.12.012","article-title":"The pathogenesis of obesity","volume":"92","author":"Oussaada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19897","article-title":"Obesity management in adults: a review","volume":"330","author":"Elmaleh-Sachs","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2010.00740.x","article-title":"Maintenance of weight loss after lifestyle interventions for overweight and obesity, a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Barte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa168","article-title":"Perspective: time-restricted eating compared with caloric restriction: potential facilitators and barriers of long-term weight loss maintenance","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Nutr (Bethesda, Md)"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.12.004","article-title":"Time-restricted eating: watching the clock to treat obesity","volume":"36","author":"Ezpeleta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.7326\/m23-0052","article-title":"Time-restricted eating without calorie counting for weight loss in a racially diverse population: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"176","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24252","article-title":"Time-restricted eating, caloric reduction, and unrestricted eating effects on weight and metabolism: a randomized trial","volume":"33","author":"Oldenburg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111893","article-title":"Comparing the effects of time-restricted eating on glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes with standard dietetic practice: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"217","author":"Parr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2339337","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.39337","article-title":"Effect of time-restricted eating on weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Pavlou","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23743","article-title":"Feasibility of time-restricted eating in individuals with overweight, obesity, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes: a systematic scoping review","volume":"31","author":"Termannsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Hamsho","year":"2026","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1887087"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-026-10018-9","article-title":"Efficacy of different types of intermittent fasting in improving glycemic control in adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Khalafi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2025.04.028","article-title":"Time-restricted eating improves appetite regulation and sleep characteristics in adults with poor sleep quality","volume":"50","author":"Beaumont","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2021.1958719","article-title":"Effect of time-restricted feeding on anthropometric, metabolic, and fitness parameters: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Nutr Assoc"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuag064","article-title":"Efficacy of different modes of intermittent fasting for decreasing visceral and subcutaneous fat in adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","author":"Khalafi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3700","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213700","article-title":"The effect of time-restricted eating on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Panagiotou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf206","article-title":"Effect of 8-hour time-restricted eating (16\/8 TRE) on glucose metabolism and lipid profile in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"Wong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1974335","article-title":"Missing puzzle pieces of time-restricted-eating (TRE) as a long-term weight-loss strategy in overweight and obese people? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"63","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4065","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2382344","article-title":"Counting hours or calories? Metabolic regulatory role of time-restricted eating in adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16193390","article-title":"The effects of time-restricted eating on fat loss in adults with overweight and obese depend upon the eating window and intervention strategies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00931.x","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of aerobic vs. resistance exercise training on visceral fat","volume":"13","author":"Ismail","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13256","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13256","article-title":"Effect of exercise training on weight loss, body composition changes, and weight maintenance in adults with overweight or obesity: an overview of 12 systematic reviews and 149 studies","volume":"22(","author":"Bellicha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee","article-title":"2013 AHA\/ACC\/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society","volume":"129","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.09.012","article-title":"The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and maintenance","volume":"56","author":"Swift","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0000000000001085","article-title":"Effects of dietary and exercise intervention on weight loss and body composition in obese postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.05.024","article-title":"Exercise training, dietary intervention, or combined interventions and their effects on lipid profiles in adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"33","author":"Khalafi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00547.x","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness of diet-plus-exercise interventions vs. diet-only interventions for weight loss: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad155","article-title":"Effects of intermittent fasting combined with physical exercise on cardiometabolic outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies","volume":"82","author":"Kazeminasab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-023-00909-x","article-title":"Combined versus independent effects of exercise training and intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Khalafi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13834","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13834","article-title":"Evaluating the efficacy of intermittent fasting and exercise combinations for weight loss: a network meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-025-00645-9","article-title":"Additional effect of exercise to intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with overweight\/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2024.100262","article-title":"The effect of time-restricted eating combined with exercise on body composition and metabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Nutr (Bethesda, Md)"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-024-01704-2","article-title":"Effects of time-restricted eating with exercise on body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Hays","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183066","article-title":"Synergistic effects of time-restricted feeding and resistance training on body composition and metabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Ho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.0546","article-title":"PRISMA reporting guidelines for meta-analyses and systematic reviews","volume":"156","author":"Arya","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B38","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 6.5.","author":"Higgins","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(03)15268-3","article-title":"WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies","volume":"363","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2024.100335","article-title":"Are lean body mass and fat-free mass the same or different body components? A critical perspective","volume":"15","author":"Heymsfield","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"Balshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0301369","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301369","article-title":"Unlocking the power of synergy: high-intensity functional training and early time-restricted eating for transformative changes in body composition and cardiometabolic health in inactive women with obesity","volume":"19","author":"Ameur","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70209","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70209","article-title":"The effect of integrated lifestyle intervention incorporating calorie-carbohydrate restriction with or without time-restricted feeding for remission of type 2 diabetes (DIREM): a single blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Badrooj","year":"2026","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65678-z","article-title":"Flexible time-restricted eating combined with exercise in a free-living setting for middle-aged women with overweight\/obesity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093122","article-title":"The effects of a macronutrient-based diet and time-restricted feeding (16:8) on body composition in physically active individuals-a 14-week randomised controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Isenmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.3050","article-title":"Effectiveness of early time-restricted eating for weight loss, fat loss, and cardiometabolic health in adults with obesity: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"182","author":"Jamshed","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14868","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14868","article-title":"Time-restricted eating and concurrent exercise training reduces fat mass and increases lean mass in overweight and obese adults","volume":"9","author":"Kotarsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111504","article-title":"Effect of time-restricted feeding on body composition and cardio-metabolic risk in middle-aged women in Taiwan","volume":"93","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113654","article-title":"Time-restricted eating plus calorie-restricted diet versus calorie-restricted diet in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2025-0010","article-title":"High-protein time-restricted eating alongside resistance training reduces adipose tissue while preserving fat-free mass in women with overweight: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Bagherpour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2481127","DOI":"10.1080\/15502783.2025.2481127","article-title":"Efficacy of time restricted eating and resistance training on body composition and mood profiles among young adults with overweight\/obesity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.003","article-title":"Time-restricted eating and exercise training improve HbA1c and body composition in women with overweight\/obesity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Haganes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23095","article-title":"Physiology of energy expenditure in the weight-reduced state","volume":"29(Suppl. 1)","author":"Ravussin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2020.772","article-title":"Genetic and environmental factors contributing to visceral adiposity in Asian populations","volume":"35","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.12.012","article-title":"Ethnic differences in body composition and the associated metabolic profile: a comparative study between Asians and Caucasians","volume":"65","author":"Wulan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-025-00609-z","article-title":"Time restricted eating: a valuable alternative to calorie restriction for addressing obesity?","volume":"14","author":"Parrotta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683140","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.683140","article-title":"Time restricted eating: a dietary strategy to prevent and treat metabolic disturbances","volume":"12","author":"Schuppelius","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20353","article-title":"Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans","volume":"21","author":"Bhutani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3194","article-title":"Is time-restricted eating (8\/16) beneficial for body weight and metabolism of obese and overweight adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf181","article-title":"The effect of time-restricted eating on metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"Park","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1113\/jp281101","article-title":"Time restricted eating for the prevention of type 2 diabetes","volume":"600","author":"Cienfuegos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3830","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15730","article-title":"The effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Khalafi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656909","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.656909","article-title":"Exercising for insulin sensitivity - is there a mechanistic relationship with quantitative changes in skeletal muscle mass?","volume":"12","author":"Paquin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12385","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28066","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms by which aerobic exercise induces insulin sensitivity","volume":"234","author":"Yaribeygi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3428","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac570","article-title":"Metabolic efficacy of time-restricted eating in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"107","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664412","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1664412","article-title":"Effects of time-restricted eating on body composition and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001071","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2024-001071","article-title":"Effects of timing and eating duration of time restricted eating on metabolic outcomes: systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079250","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1079250","article-title":"Health effects of the time-restricted eating in adults with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14418","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202114418","article-title":"The ups and downs of caloric restriction and fasting: from molecular effects to clinical application","volume":"14","author":"Hofer","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061234","article-title":"Early time-restricted feeding improves 24-hour glucose levels and affects markers of the circadian clock, aging, and autophagy in humans","volume":"11","author":"Jamshed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0454-z","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase and its downstream transcriptional pathways","volume":"67","author":"Cant\u00f3","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-811x-9-11","article-title":"Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions","volume":"9","author":"Rahman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2014.03.009","article-title":"AMP kinase in exercise adaptation of skeletal muscle","volume":"19","author":"Jessen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.02.017","article-title":"Insulin\/IGF-1 drives PERIOD synthesis to entrain circadian rhythms with feeding time","volume":"177","author":"Crosby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48791","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201948791","article-title":"USP1 deubiquitinates Akt to inhibit PI3K-Akt-FoxO signaling in muscle during prolonged starvation","volume":"21","author":"Goldbraikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/s0303-7207(01)00597-4","article-title":"Regulation of IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation in fasting and diabetes","volume":"183","author":"Rojas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1508-3","article-title":"Correlation of the leptin: adiponectin ratio with measures of insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals","volume":"52","author":"Finucane","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmac014","article-title":"Satiety associated with calorie restriction and time-restricted feeding: peripheral hormones","volume":"13","author":"Tacad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Nutr (Bethesda, Md)"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-024-01641-0","article-title":"From starvation to time-restricted eating: a review of fasting physiology","volume":"49","author":"Rebello","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Obes (2005)"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-024-00885-x","article-title":"Efficacy of intermittent fasting on improving liver function in individuals with metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Khalafi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr Metab"},{"key":"2026091512501583400_nuag137-B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.10.001","article-title":"Common and divergent molecular mechanisms of fasting and ketogenic diets","volume":"35","author":"Paoli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuag137\/71089928\/nuag137.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuag137\/71089928\/nuag137.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T16:50:24Z","timestamp":1789491024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuag137\/8796126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":82,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuag137","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6643","1753-4887"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6643","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4887","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"article-number":"nuag137"}}