{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:51:45Z","timestamp":1790243505625,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutr Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,21]],"date-time":"2015-08-21T00:22:31Z","timestamp":1440116551000},"page":"723-735","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Assessing the association between homocysteine and cognition: reflections on Bradford Hill, meta-analyses, and causality"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"McCaddon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Vascular pathology of homocysteinemia: implications for the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis","volume":"56","author":"McCully","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108350"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.49.1.31"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.6.1237S","article-title":"Nutritional factors in physical and cognitive functions of elderly people","volume":"55","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(92)90074-M"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(92)90153-4"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(00)00307-5"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.11.1449"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011613"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-643"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.076349"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.12","unstructured":"University of Oxford. Taking B vitamins won\u2019t prevent Alzheimer\u2019s disease. University of Oxford website: http:\/\/www.ox.ac.uk\/news\/2014-07-15-taking-b-vitamins-won%E2%80%99t-prevent-alzheimer%E2%80%99s-disease. Published July 15, 2014. Accessed September 7, 2014."},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576505800503","article-title":"The environment and disease: association or causation?","volume":"58","author":"Hill","year":"1965","journal-title":"Proc Royal Soc Med"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-5573-1-3"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.08.234"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S143","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S119","article-title":"The worldwide challenge of the dementias: a role for B vitamins and homocysteine?","volume":"29","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00343","article-title":"Homocysteine levels in schizophrenia and affective disorders \u2013 focus on cognition","volume":"8","author":"Moustafa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2007.356"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000055899.24594.8E"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199804)13:4<235::AID-GPS761>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.4.607"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.1.114","article-title":"Homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B-12 in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia","volume":"80","author":"Quadri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.3.636","article-title":"Homocysteine and folate as risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer disease","volume":"82","author":"Ravaglia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.2.511","article-title":"Homocysteine, B vitamins, and the incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment: results from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging","volume":"85","author":"Haan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.02.024"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2303","article-title":"Homocysteine as a predictor of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"25","author":"Oulhaj","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2758"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.3.627","article-title":"High homocysteine and low B vitamins predict cognitive decline in aging men: the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study","volume":"82","author":"Tucker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02484.x"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.30","first-page":"109","article-title":"Homocysteine and cognition \u2013 \u201cmechanisms.\u201d","volume-title":"Homocysteine Metabolism. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Homocysteine Metabolism 2003","author":"McCaddon","year":"2005"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.11.3418","article-title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia due to short-term folate deprivation is related to electron microscopic changes in the rat brain","volume":"132","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20131568"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6920","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-18-06920.2000","article-title":"Homocysteine elicits a DNA damage response in neurons that promotes apoptosis and hypersensitivity to excitotoxicity","volume":"20","author":"Kruman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12615"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.11.5923"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.5.787"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00384.x"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.086579"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.085241"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3316-06.2007"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/14796708.2.5.537"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt206","article-title":"Plasma homocysteine, Alzheimer and cerebrovascular pathology: a population-based autopsy study","volume":"136(Pt 9)","author":"Hooshmand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012244"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301816110"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.45","first-page":"25","article-title":"The fall and rise of Kilmer McCully","volume":"10","author":"Stacey","year":"1997","journal-title":"NY Times Magazine"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2006-9403","article-title":"The cognitive impact of nutritional homocysteinemia in apolipoprotein-E deficient mice","volume":"9","author":"Troen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.146258"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.2.361","article-title":"Effect of oral vitamin B-12 with or without folic acid on cognitive function in older people with mild vitamin B-12 deficiency: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"84","author":"Eussen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.5.1155","article-title":"Significant correlations of plasma homocysteine and serum methylmalonic acid with movement and cognitive performance in elderly subjects but no improvement from short-term vitamin therapy: a placebo-controlled randomized study","volume":"81","author":"Lewerin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054025"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60109-3"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.6.1320","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of homocysteine-lowering vitamin treatment in elderly patients with vascular disease","volume":"82","author":"Stott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060900"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.006320"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26404"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.5.565"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70187-3"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.840"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.60","first-page":"111","article-title":"The telephone interview for cognitive status","volume":"1","author":"Brandt","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuropsych Neuropsychol Behav Neurol"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.61","first-page":"103","article-title":"Detection of dementia in the elderly using telephone screening of cognitive status","volume":"6","author":"Welsh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuropsych Neuropsychol Behav Neurol"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldp033"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0206-2"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.64","volume-title":"Principles of Neuroscience","author":"Kandel","year":"1991"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.15.1774"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X005010003","article-title":"Primary, secondary and meta-analysis of research","volume":"5","author":"Glass","year":"1976","journal-title":"Educ Res"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.097808"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.098467"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.100941"},{"key":"2015092207043749000_73.10.723.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.9.1395"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-pdf\/73\/10\/723\/5228084\/nuv022.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T17:17:05Z","timestamp":1718039825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,18]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6643","1753-4887"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6643","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4887","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,18]]}}}