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In light of major advances in the understanding of dietary intake and metabolism, the aim of this review was to examine whether dairy should remain a single commodity in federal guidance. Considerations include recognizing that a substantial proportion of the world\u2019s adult population (65%\u201370%) exhibits lactase nonpersistence, a reduced ability to metabolize lactose to glucose and galactose. Shifts in the US population, including a greater proportion of African Americans and Asians, are of key importance because several studies have shown a markedly higher prevalence of lactase nonpersistence and, consequently, a lower dairy intake among these groups. While cow\u2019s milk alternatives are available, families who use them will pay up to an additional $1400 per year compared with those who are able to consume dairy products. Dietary guidance also contains downstream effects for government assistance, such as the US Department of Agriculture\u2019s National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program. For reasons like these, Canada has recently removed dairy as a separate food group in national dietary guidance. The results of the present review suggest that consideration of this modification when developing population-level guidelines in the United States is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T03:14:59Z","timestamp":1571368499000},"page":"225-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Re-examination of dairy as a single commodity in US dietary guidance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth T","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"E.T. Jacobs, J.A. Foote, L.N. Kohler, M.B. Skiba, and C.A. 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