{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T17:02:39Z","timestamp":1761930159042,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In next fall and winter, SARS-CoV-2 could circulate in parallel with seasonal influenza. The dual epidemics will result in considerable morbidity and mortality; therefore, influenza vaccination may be essential. Recent studies found increased risk of coronavirus in individuals receiving influenza vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our aim is to analyse the association between influenza vaccination and COVID-19 in a population of healthcare workers (HCWs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 3520 HCWs at a large hospital in Northern Italy. For each participant, we collected data on flu immunization status for the last five flu seasons. Logistic regression was used to test associations between seasonal flu vaccination status and a positive serology tests for COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the last five flu seasons, 2492 vaccinations were administered. Serology tests were negative for 3196 (91%) HCWs and residents and only 21 (1%) people had an equivocal test (12.0\u201315.0 AU\/mL). Only 128 (4%) people received a diagnosis of COVID-19, with a positive swab test. No flu vaccinations for the last five flu seasons were specifically associated with diagnosis of COVID-19 or with positive results of serology tests.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Flu vaccinations did not appear to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Influenza vaccination should continue to be recommended for HCWs and for individuals at increased risk for severe illness from respiratory infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqaa197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T04:22:50Z","timestamp":1603945370000},"page":"665-671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Association between seasonal flu vaccination and COVID-19 among healthcare workers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6807-6819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Belingheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Occupational Medicine, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M E","family":"Paladino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Occupational Medicine, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Latocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Occupational Medicine, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"De Vito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Occupational Medicine, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020123013300908600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105116","article-title":"Influenza vaccination in the COVID-19 era","volume":"148","author":"Grech","year":"2020","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"2020123013300908600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10802","article-title":"The dual epidemics of COVID-19 and influenza: vaccine acceptance, coverage, and mandates","author":"Gostin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","key":"2020123013300908600_CIT0003"},{"key":"2020123013300908600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis307","article-title":"Increased risk of noninfluenza respiratory virus infections associated with receipt of 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Italy","author":"Mar\u00edn-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"author":"DiaSorin","key":"2020123013300908600_CIT0008"},{"year":"2015","author":"World Health Organization","key":"2020123013300908600_CIT0009"},{"year":"2016","author":"World Health Organization.","key":"2020123013300908600_CIT0010"},{"year":"2017","author":"World Health Organization","key":"2020123013300908600_CIT0011"},{"year":"2018","author":"World Health Organization","key":"2020123013300908600_CIT0012"},{"year":"2019","author":"World Health Organization","key":"2020123013300908600_CIT0013"},{"key":"2020123013300908600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqaa048","article-title":"COVID-19: health prevention and control in non-healthcare settings","volume":"70","author":"Belingheri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Occup 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