{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:29:18Z","timestamp":1773293358969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is recognized that healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of contracting Covid-19. It is incumbent on occupational health staff to recognize potential symptoms of Covid-19 among HCWs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aims of the study were to describe the presenting symptoms of HCWs who developed Covid-19 in Ireland, and to estimate the odds of specific symptoms being associated with a positive Covid-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective chart review of all symptomatic HCWs who self-presented for Covid-19 testing in Cork from March to May 2020 was conducted. A sex-matched case\u2013control study was carried out to compare presenting features among those who tested positive compared to those who tested negative. Univariate and multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression models were run using Stata 15.0 to identify the symptoms associated with positive Covid-19 swab results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Three hundred and six HCWs were included in the study; 102 cases and 204 controls. Common presenting features among cases were fever\/chills (55%), cough (44%) and headache (35%). The symptoms which were significantly associated with a positive Covid-19 swab result were loss of taste\/smell (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 12.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36\u2013108.79), myalgia (aOR 2.36, 95% 1.27\u20134.38), fatigue (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.12\u20134.74), headache (aOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.19\u20133.74) and fever\/chills (aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.12\u20133.15).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fever, fatigue, myalgia, loss of taste\/smell and headache were associated with increased odds of a Covid-19 diagnosis among symptomatic self-referred HCWs compared with those had negative swab results. Testing criteria for HCWs should reflect the broad range of possible symptoms of Covid-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqab012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T20:16:16Z","timestamp":1611260176000},"page":"95-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Covid-19 presentation among symptomatic healthcare workers in Ireland"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"G","family":"O\u2019Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Department, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Department, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P M","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health HSE South, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Department, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021040916233424700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-05762-w","article-title":"Review of the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"35","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2021040916233424700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30297-8","article-title":"Utility of hyposmia and hypogeusia for the diagnosis of COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"B\u00e9n\u00e9zit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021040916233424700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.041","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2021040916233424700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00205","article-title":"COVID19: a systematic approach to early identification and healthcare worker protection","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2021040916233424700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0916-2","article-title":"Real-time tracking of self-reported symptoms to predict potential COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Menni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2021040916233424700_CIT0006","author":"Health Protection Surveillance Centre"},{"key":"2021040916233424700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-016-1545-0","article-title":"What is the future for General Surgery in Model 3 Hospitals?","volume":"186","author":"Mealy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"2021040916233424700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105116","article-title":"Influenza vaccination in the COVID-19 era","volume":"148","author":"Grech","year":"2020","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"2021040916233424700_CIT0009","author":"Health Protection Surveillance Centre"},{"key":"2021040916233424700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0242958","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242958","article-title":"False-negative results of initial RT-PCR assays for COVID-19: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Arevalo-Rodriguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Occupational 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