{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T03:56:10Z","timestamp":1752983770531,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012345","name":"Forces in Mind Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Research has shown that of the myriad services available to veterans in the UK, very few have been independently evaluated. This report presents the results of a randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of Time Line Therapy\u2122 delivered by the Warrior Programme (a third-sector organization).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study was aimed to determine if the intervention is effective in reducing emotional and functional difficulties in ex-service personnel.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A mixed-design analysis of variance model was used to investigate whether the Warrior Programme had a statistically significant impact on self-reported scores. The intervention and control group provided data on measures prior to and immediately after the intervention, and at 3-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Those in the intervention group (n = 23) reported statistically significant improvements in self-reported scores immediately following intervention: the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE) scores (CORE global distress mean difference [MD] = 45.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 31\u201360) (CORE subjective well-being MD = 5.9, 95% CI 3.5\u20138.3) (CORE functioning MD = 16.7, 95% CI 11.4\u201321.9) (CORE problems\/symptoms MD = 19.4, 95% CI 13.1\u201325.7), general self-efficacy (MD = \u22129.8, 95% CI \u221213.6 to \u20136.8), anxiety (MD = 8.6, 95% CI 5.2\u201312.1), depression (MD = 10, 95% CI 6.6\u201313.5), post-traumatic stress disorder (MD = 26.3, 95% CI 17\u201325) and functional impairment (MD = 11.1, 95% CI 5.3\u201316.8) over time, compared to the control group (n = 29). However, score improvement was not sustained over time or statistically significant at follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Warrior Programme was effective in reducing emotional and functional difficulties in ex-service personnel immediately after the intervention, but the effect was not sustained at 3-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqab153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T19:10:26Z","timestamp":1634843426000},"page":"91-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of the Warrior Programme intervention among UK ex-service personnel"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Thandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s Centre for Military Health Research, King\u2019s College London, UK"},{"name":"Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s Centre for Military Health Research, King\u2019s College London, UK"},{"name":"Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4550-2971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s Centre for Military Health Research, King\u2019s College London, UK"},{"name":"Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N T","family":"Fear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s Centre for Military Health Research, King\u2019s College London, UK"},{"name":"Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"journal-title":"The Veterans\u2019 Transition Review.","year":"2014","author":"Lord Ashcroft KCMG PC","key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0001"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12022","article-title":"Life in and after the Armed Forces: social networks and mental health in the UK military","volume":"35","author":"Hatch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712002619","article-title":"What explains post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in UK service personnel: deployment or something else?","volume":"43","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqt065","article-title":"Self-harm in the UK military","volume":"63","author":"Hines","year":"2013","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.033","article-title":"Alcohol misuse in the United Kingdom Armed Forces: a longitudinal study","volume":"156","author":"Thandi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60354-2","article-title":"Violent offending by UK military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan: a data linkage cohort study","volume":"381","author":"Macmanus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2013.819421","article-title":"Veteran mental health services in the UK: are we headed in the right direction?","volume":"22","author":"Macmanus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"volume-title":"The Mental Health of Serving and Ex-Service Personnel: A Review of the Evidence and Perspectives of Key Stakeholders","year":"2013","author":"Samele","key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0008"},{"author":"IAPT","key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0009"},{"volume-title":"UK Armed Forces Charities: An Overview and Analysis","year":"2014","author":"Pozo","key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0010"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2015-000483","article-title":"UK support services for families of wounded, injured or sick Service personnel: the need for evaluation","volume":"162","author":"Verey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"volume-title":"Time Line Therapy: And the Basis of Personality","year":"2017","author":"James","key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0012"},{"year":"2015","key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0013"},{"year":"2013","author":"Lund Research Ltd","key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0014"},{"year":"2011","author":"Krantz","key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0015"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.1351","article-title":"Alternatives to simply forgiving and forgetting: comparing techniques in hypnosis, NLP and Time Line Therapy\u2122 in reducing the intensity of memories of stressful events","volume":"27","author":"Ahmad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.017657","article-title":"Distribution of CORE-OM scores in a general population, clinical cut-off points and comparison with the CIS\u2013R","volume":"190","author":"Connell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3200\/JRLP.139.5.439-457","article-title":"The General Self-Efficacy Scale: multicultural validation studies","volume":"139","author":"Luszczynska","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Psychol"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0021","first-page":"650","article-title":"Diagnosing depression in primary care using self-completed instruments: UK validation of PHQ-9 and CORE-OM","volume":"57","author":"Gilbody","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"volume-title":"Society and the Adolescent Self-Image","year":"2015","author":"Rosenberg","key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0022"},{"volume-title":"The PTSD Checklist\u2013Civilian Version (PCL-C)","year":"1994","author":"Weathers","key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0023"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL)","volume":"34","author":"Blanchard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.5.461","article-title":"The Work and Social Adjustment Scale: a simple measure of impairment in functioning","volume":"180","author":"Mundt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"volume-title":"Improving the Cross Departmental Delivery of Support Services","year":"2003","author":"Dandeker","key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0026"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-590241-0.50006-X","article-title":"Measurement and control of response bias.","volume-title":"Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes","author":"Paulhus","year":"1991"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07816-9","article-title":"Blinding in randomised trials: hiding who got what","volume":"359","author":"Schulz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022022216403012400_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-7-30","article-title":"The Hawthorne effect: a randomised, controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"McCarney","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"}],"container-title":["Occupational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/occmed\/article-pdf\/72\/2\/91\/42578648\/kqab153.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/occmed\/article-pdf\/72\/2\/91\/42578648\/kqab153.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T17:54:16Z","timestamp":1645552456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/occmed\/article\/72\/2\/91\/6482571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/kqab153","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-7480","1471-8405"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0962-7480"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-8405"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]}}}