{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:01:58Z","timestamp":1787792518589,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The burden of influenza is mostly felt by employees and employers because of increased absenteeism rates, loss of productivity and associated direct costs. Even though interventions against influenza among working adults are effective, patronage and compliance to these measures especially vaccination are low compared to other risk groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study was aimed to assess evidence of economic evaluations of interventions against influenza virus infection among workers or in the workplace setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) reporting guideline for systematic reviews was followed. Three databases, PubMed, Web of Science and EconLit, were searched using keywords to identify relevant articles from inception till 25 October 2020. Original peer-reviewed papers that conducted economic evaluations of influenza interventions using cost\u2013benefit, cost\u2013effectiveness or cost\u2013utility analysis methods focused on working-age adults or work settings were eligible for inclusion. Two independent teams of co-authors extracted and synthesized data from identified studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-four articles were included: 21 were cost\u2013benefit analyses and 3 examined cost\u2013effectiveness analyses. Two papers also presented additional cost\u2013utility analysis. Most of the studies were pharmaceutical interventions (n = 23) primarily focused on vaccination programs while one study was a non-pharmaceutical intervention examining the benefit of paid sick leave. All but two studies reported that interventions against influenza virus infection at the workplace were cost-saving and cost-effective regardless of the analytic approach.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Further cost\u2013effectiveness research in non-pharmaceutical interventions against influenza in workplace settings is warranted. There is a need to develop standardized methods for reporting economic evaluation methods to ensure comparability and applicability of future research findings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqab163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T19:11:57Z","timestamp":1635189117000},"page":"70-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Economic evaluations of interventions against influenza at workplaces: systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"S K","family":"Ofori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y W","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salient Advisory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J S","family":"Schwind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Babatunde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S O","family":"Nwaobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K L","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B J","family":"Cowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre 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