{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T23:37:20Z","timestamp":1780443440192,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015652","name":"Barts Charity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There may be differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and burnout rates of healthcare professionals (HCPs) performing different roles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine mental health and burnout rates, and possible drivers for any disparities between professional roles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this cohort study, online surveys were distributed to HCPs in July\u2013September 2020 (baseline) and re-sent 4 months later (follow-up; December 2020) assessing for probable major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), insomnia, mental well-being and burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization). Separate logistic regression models (at both phases) compared the risk of outcomes between roles: healthcare assistants (HCAs), nurses and midwives (nurses), allied health professionals (AHPs) and doctors (reference group). Separate linear regression models were also developed relating the change in scores to professional role.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At baseline (n = 1537), nurses had a 1.9-fold and 2.5-fold increased risk of MDD and insomnia, respectively. AHPs had a 1.7-fold and 1.4-fold increased risk of MDD and emotional exhaustion, respectively. At follow-up (n = 736), the disproportionate risk between doctors and others worsened: nurses and HCAs were at 3.7-fold and 3.6-fold increased risk of insomnia, respectively. Nurses also had a significantly increased risk of MDD, GAD, poor mental well-being and burnout. Nurses also had significantly worsened anxiety, mental well-being and burnout scores over time, relative to doctors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nurses and AHPs had excess risk of adverse mental health and burnout during the pandemic, and this difference worsened over time (in nurses especially). Our findings support adoption of targeted strategies accounting for different HCP roles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqad011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T20:33:15Z","timestamp":1681245195000},"page":"45-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Differential impact of COVID-19 on mental health and burnout"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4895-0537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C","family":"Maniero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London EC1A 7BE , UK"},{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London EC1M 6BQ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S M","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London EC1A 7BE , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5725-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G","family":"Collett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London EC1M 6BQ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Godec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London EC1M 6BQ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellbeing Hub, Newham Training Hub , London E15 1HP , UK"},{"name":"Northeast London CCG , London E15 1DA , UK"},{"name":"Woodgrange Medical Practice , London E7 0QH , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Antoniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London EC1A 7BE , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust , Wigan WN1 1XX , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Janmohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London SW17 0QT , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glan Clwyd Hospital, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board , Wales LL18 5UJ , 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UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Kapil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London EC1A 7BE , UK"},{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London EC1M 6BQ , UK"},{"name":"The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London E1 1BB , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South West London and St George\u2019s Mental Health NHS Trust , London SW17 0YF , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5807-8503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A K","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London EC1A 7BE , UK"},{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute, 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