{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T15:21:24Z","timestamp":1762096884297,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a high burden of sick leave worldwide. Long-term sick leave for COVID-19 may be longer than for other influenza-like syndromes. The real impact of long COVID on absenteeism remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the burden of sick leave, especially &amp;gt;12 weeks, in Belgian workers with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from July 2020 to September 2021 and to compare these figures with sick leave for other infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We coupled a database of SARS-CoV-2-positive workers and workers who were absent for other infections with objective absence data. Predictors of prolonged sickness were evaluated by negative binomial regression, Cox proportional hazards regression and ordinal logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study population involved 2569 workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 392 workers who were absent for other infectious diseases. In total, 16% (95% CI 14\u201317%) of workers with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test had no sick leave registered. Fourteen out of 1000 (95% CI 9\u201320\u2030) workers with absenteeism for COVID-19 experienced sick leave &amp;gt;12 weeks as compared to 43 out of 1000 workers (95% CI 3\u201369\u2030) with absenteeism due to other infections. When including PCR-positive workers without sick leave, the prevalence of long-term sick leave decreased to 12 per 1000 (95% CI8\u201317\u2030). Long-term sick leave was associated with older age, high previous sick leave and low educational level.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of long-term sick leave was lower than estimated in earlier investigations regardless of worrying reports about post-COVID-19 syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqad140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T18:38:25Z","timestamp":1702319905000},"page":"486-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sick leave due to SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7652-819X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G","family":"Vandersmissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work , 3001 Heverlee ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4923-1032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J","family":"Verbeeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt , 3500 Hasselt ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Henckens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acerta, HR Service Provider , 3000 Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Van Dyck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acerta, HR Service Provider , 3000 Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Wuytens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acerta, HR Service Provider , 3000 Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Business, Faculty of Social Sciences & Solvay Business School, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , 1050 Brussel ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Work and Organisation Studies, Faculty of Economics and Business, KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Molenberghs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt , 3500 Hasselt ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"I-BioStat, KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Godderis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work , 3001 Heverlee ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024100119012712400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2022-108451","article-title":"Sick leave due to COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave in France, 2020","volume":"80","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2024100119012712400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580546","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.580546","article-title":"COVID-19 and sick leave: an analysis of the Ibermutua cohort of over 1,651,305 Spanish workers in the first trimester of 2020","volume":"8","author":"Calvo-Bonacho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2024100119012712400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab182","article-title":"Impacts of mild and severe COVID-19 on sick leave","volume":"50","author":"Skyrud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"volume-title":"COVID-19 Rapid Guideline: Managing the Long-Term Effects of COVID-19","year":"2022","author":"NICE","key":"2024100119012712400_CIT0004"},{"volume-title":"A Clinical Case Definition of Post COVID-19 Condition by a Delphi Consensus","year":"2021","author":"World Health Organisation","key":"2024100119012712400_CIT0005"},{"key":"2024100119012712400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101019","article-title":"Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact","volume":"38","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine."},{"key":"2024100119012712400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0264331","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264331","article-title":"Characteristics and impact of Long Covid: Findings from an online 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and residential care workers with Covid-19 during the early phase of the pandemic","volume":"16","author":"Kisiel","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024100119012712400_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2109229118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2109229118","article-title":"Asymptomatic SARS-Cov-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Sah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2024100119012712400_CIT0016","first-page":"21","article-title":"Evolutie van de verdeling van varianten in Belgi\u00eb (basis-surveillance)","volume-title":"COVID-19 Wekelijks Epidemiologisch Bulletin","author":"Sciensano","year":"3"},{"key":"2024100119012712400_CIT0017","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Research Report (RR) 310: Managing Health at Work \u2013 Recording and Monitoring Information on Sickness Absence Including Work 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