{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T19:58:20Z","timestamp":1782331100618,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sarcoidosis is a rare, multisystem, inflammatory condition associated with the formation of granulomas. Diagnosis can be challenging because of non-specific symptoms complicating epidemiological investigations of its aetiology. Despite research efforts, a review of the current state of the evidence is needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the evidence for an association between occupational exposures and the development of sarcoidosis. To determine if workers in any occupation are at a greater risk of developing sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This rapid review follows the methodology suggested by the World Health Organization. Two electronic databases were systematically searched until April 2022. The methodological quality of the studies was critically appraised, and a best-evidence approach was used to synthesize the results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Titles and abstracts of 2916 articles were screened, with 67 full-text articles reviewed for eligibility. Among the 13 studies eligible for this review, none were of high quality (i.e. low risk of bias). Six studies exploring the association between sarcoidosis and a range of occupations and exposures, and one previous systematic review were of low quality reporting inconsistent findings. Six studies examined the risk of sarcoidosis associated with occupational silica exposure, two of which were of acceptable quality. Overall, the study methodologies and results were inadequate to support causal relationships.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is limited evidence of acceptable methodological quality to assess the risk of sarcoidosis associated with occupational exposures. There is a growing body of research examining occupational exposure to silica and sarcoidosis. Additional high-quality confirmatory research is needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqae016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T18:58:25Z","timestamp":1716404305000},"page":"266-273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Occupational exposures and sarcoidosis: a rapid review of the evidence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5998-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Rezai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Policy and Consultation Services Division, Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (Ontario) , Toronto, Ontario M5V 3J1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3100-9070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A","family":"Nayebzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Policy and Consultation Services Division, Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (Ontario) , Toronto, Ontario M5V 3J1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3312-0653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S","family":"Catli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Policy and Consultation Services Division, Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (Ontario) , Toronto, Ontario M5V 3J1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9967-9548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D","family":"McBride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Policy and Consultation Services Division, Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (Ontario) , Toronto, Ontario M5V 3J1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024061807062034100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041081","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: causes, diagnosis, clinical features, and treatments","volume":"9","author":"Jain","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2024061807062034100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e038926","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038926","article-title":"Sarcoidosis and silica dust exposure among men in Sweden: a case\u2013control study","volume":"10","author":"Graff","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2024061807062034100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071714","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"357","author":"Iannuzzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024061807062034100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00199-X","article-title":"New treatment strategies for pulmonary sarcoidosis: antimetabolites, biological drugs, and other treatment approaches","volume":"3","author":"Baughman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024061807062034100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2015.08.015","article-title":"Treatment of sarcoidosis","volume":"36","author":"Wijsenbeek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"2024061807062034100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200402-249OC","article-title":"A case control etiologic study of sarcoidosis: environmental and occupational risk factors","volume":"170","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024061807062034100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1527","article-title":"Occupational risk factors for sarcoidosis in African-American siblings","volume":"123","author":"Kucera","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024061807062034100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14d02.x","article-title":"ATS\/ERS\/WASOG statement on sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Statement Committee. American Thoracic Society. European Respiratory Society. World Association for Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders","volume":"14","author":"Costabel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2024061807062034100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14202","article-title":"Silica-related diseases in the modern world","volume":"75","author":"Hoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2024061807062034100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201904-0717ST","article-title":"The occupational burden of nonmalignant respiratory diseases. 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