{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T23:41:36Z","timestamp":1790552496162,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The current global outbreak of artificial stone silicosis is a recrudescence of a major occupational disease in the context of a novel exposure source. Respirable crystalline silica exposure, even without frank pneumoconiosis, is associated with an increased risk of respiratory infection. Empyema is a well-recognized complication of bacterial pneumonia; pneumonia among working-age adults, in turn, has been epidemiologically linked to occupational exposure to fumes and dust, including silica. A connection between empyema and silica dust inhalation has not been reported, however, whether through antecedent pneumonia or another mechanism. We describe a case of silicosis initially presenting with empyema in a 31-year-old Computerized Numerical Control stone-cutting machine operator who had heavy exposure to artificial stone and other rock dust.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqae047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T21:09:55Z","timestamp":1717016995000},"page":"458-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Silicosis initially presenting with empyema"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7415-258X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Cullinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Blanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco School of Medicine , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1321","article-title":"Artificial stone silicosis [corrected]: disease resurgence among artificial stone workers","volume":"142","author":"Kramer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10711-1","article-title":"The association between silica exposure, silicosis and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-022-01848-6","article-title":"Cumulative occupational exposure to inorganic dust and fumes and invasive pneumococcal disease with pneumonia","volume":"95","author":"Tor\u00e9n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-106175","article-title":"Occupational exposure to dust and to fumes, work as a welder and invasive pneumococcal disease risk","volume":"77","author":"Tor\u00e9n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08378-8","article-title":"Characterisation of dust emissions from machined engineered stones to understand the hazard for accelerated silicosis","volume":"12","author":"Ramkissoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14242","article-title":"Current global perspectives on silicosis-convergence of old and newly emergent hazards","volume":"27","author":"Hoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14202","article-title":"Silica-related diseases in the modern world","volume":"75","author":"Hoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201904-0717ST","article-title":"The occupational burden of nonmalignant respiratory diseases. an official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society statement","volume":"199","author":"Blanc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003546","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03546-2020","article-title":"Epidemiology of pleural empyema in English hospitals and the impact of influenza","volume":"57","author":"Arnold","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00534","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00534-2022","article-title":"Phenotyping empyema by pleural fluid culture results and macroscopic appearance: an 8-year retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42595","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042595","article-title":"Invasive pneumococcal disease in healthy adults: increase of empyema associated with the clonal-type Sweden(1)-ST306","volume":"7","author":"Grau","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0012","first-page":"448","article-title":"Pleural effusion in silicosis of the lung","volume":"49","author":"al-Kassimi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.5.1436","article-title":"Silica-induced pleural disease: an unusual case mimicking malignant mesothelioma","volume":"112","author":"Zeren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543070","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/543070","article-title":"Pulmonary silicosis presents with pleural effusion","volume":"2015","author":"Salih","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.4103\/MJDRDYPU.MJDRDYPU_207_17","article-title":"Pleural effusion in silicosis: a rare case report","volume":"11","author":"Rout","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med J Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0016","first-page":"101665","article-title":"Silicosis-related pleural effusion diagnosed using elemental analysis of the pleural fluid cell block: a case report","volume":"37","author":"Okamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2362041363","article-title":"Pleural disease in silicosis: pleural thickening, effusion, and invagination","volume":"236","author":"Arakawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024092323265156400_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.5237","article-title":"A rarely seen cause for empyema: Leuconostoc mesentero\u0131des","volume":"9","author":"Usta-Atmaca","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"}],"container-title":["Occupational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/occmed\/article-pdf\/74\/6\/458\/59261793\/kqae047.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/occmed\/article-pdf\/74\/6\/458\/59261793\/kqae047.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T23:27:07Z","timestamp":1727134027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/occmed\/article\/74\/6\/458\/7690459"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/kqae047","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-7480","1471-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-7480","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]}}}