{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:07:09Z","timestamp":1793138829275,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Existing research presents mixed findings regarding the effect of remote work on mental health, suggesting both beneficial and adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To quantify the association between remote work status and depression\/anxiety risk among employed US adults.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Repeated cross-sectional data (September 2022 to October 2023) from the Household Pulse Survey, a nationally representative sample of US adults. Depression risk (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 0.74) was measured using Patient Health Questionnaire-2, and anxiety risk (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 0.82) was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2. Weighted logistic regression models estimated covariate-adjusted associations between remote work status (0, 1\u20132, 3\u20134, 5+ days) and depression and anxiety risk. Covariates included race\/ethnicity, gender identity, marital status, age, educational attainment, household income, number of children, employment sector, region, and survey cycle.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Individuals who worked remotely for 1 to 2 days or 3 to 4 days per week (both adjusted OR [aOR]: 0.98, 95% CI 0.96\u20130.99) had slightly lower odds of depression risk than those who did not work remotely. Conversely, individuals who worked remotely for 5 or more days per week (aOR: 1.02, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.04) had slightly higher odds of anxiety risk compared to nonremote workers after controlling for the same covariates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Remote work status may be a social determinant of mental health. Our findings suggested that hybrid work may be a healthful working style. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporal relationships and potential causality between remote work arrangements and mental health risks.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqaf050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T04:02:07Z","timestamp":1750996927000},"page":"364-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Remote work and mental health among employed US adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Weng In","family":"Leong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Anti-racism, Social Justice & Public Health, New York University School of Global Public Health , New York, NY 10003 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, New York University School of Global Public Health , New York, NY 10003 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