{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:38:30Z","timestamp":1776724710688,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018336","name":"Health Protection Research Unit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Emergency Preparedness and Response"},{"name":"UK Health Security Agency, King\u2019s College London"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000736","name":"University of East Anglia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000286","name":"British Academy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Leverhulme Small Research Grants Scheme","award":["SRG2324\\240763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRG2324\\240763"]}]},{"name":"Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006662","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR200890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR200890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UKHSA"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-isolation is a key public health strategy for infectious disease control. Globally implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, self-isolation remains an essential strategy in ongoing mitigation efforts. Healthcare workers (HCWs) often face isolation due to occupational exposure to infectious diseases and may face unique psychological challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review synthesized evidence on (i) the impact of self-isolation on HCWs\u2019 psychological wellbeing, (ii) factors associated with wellbeing, and (iii) the effectiveness of interventions to improve wellbeing during or after isolation for COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A pre-registered systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42024559971) was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and Cochrane guidelines. Searches in PsycInfo, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed and grey literature included studies on HCWs\u2019 psychological wellbeing during or after self-isolation. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-E (Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies for Exposure) or CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 20,798 records screened, 19 studies (10 quantitative, 7 qualitative, 2 mixed methods) were included. Quantitative findings on anxiety, depressive and stress symptoms were inconsistent. Qualitative studies consistently reported distress, loneliness and stigma. Factors associated with wellbeing included socio-cultural influences and protective factors. No studies assessed interventions targeting wellbeing during self-isolation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-isolation appears to have variable effects on HCWs\u2019 wellbeing, including significant challenges and opportunities for resilience. Public health strategies should prioritize timely, clear communication, accessible evidence-based psychological support and practical resources. Future research should prioritize evaluation of interventions to mitigate psychological harm and support HCWs during infectious disease outbreaks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqaf124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T12:55:49Z","timestamp":1764075349000},"page":"100-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of COVID-19 self-isolation on healthcare workers\u2019 psychological wellbeing: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7612-6089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M V","family":"Stein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , 16 De Crespigny Park , London, SE5 8AB,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S K","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , Weston Education Centre, Cutcombe Road , London, SE5 9RJ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L E","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency , 10 South Colonnade , Canary Wharf, London, E14 4PU,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G J","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , Weston Education Centre, Cutcombe Road , London, SE5 9RJ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Aml\u00f4t","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency , 10 South Colonnade , Canary Wharf, London, E14 4PU,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Greeberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , Weston Education Centre, Cutcombe Road , London, SE5 9RJ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A F","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , Weston Education Centre, Cutcombe Road , London, SE5 9RJ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042017462183100_kqaf124-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"taaa020","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa020","article-title":"Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak","volume":"27","author":"Wilder-Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2026042017462183100_kqaf124-B2","author":"Martin"},{"key":"2026042017462183100_kqaf124-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1632","article-title":"Epidemiology of and risk factors for coronavirus infection in health care workers","volume":"173","author":"Chou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026042017462183100_kqaf124-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2022.04.001","article-title":"Risk factors for COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers. 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