{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T19:52:52Z","timestamp":1781293972001,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and headaches are common issues among musicians, potentially influenced by instrument-specific physical demands, parafunctional habits and psychological factors such as anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the prevalence of TMD and headaches among undergraduate music education students and explore their associations with anxiety, considering the specific demands of different instrument types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 101 undergraduate music education students. Data were collected using validated tools, including the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Statistical analyses examined the influence of variables like instrument type, academic year and daily practice duration on TMD and headache symptom severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TMD and headache symptoms were reported by 74% and 79% of participants, respectively. In the HIT\u20116 model, headache severity was lower in first\u2011year students (\u03b2\u202f= \u22121.985, P\u202f=0.009) and in participants without anxiety (\u03b2\u202f= \u22121.668, P\u202f=0.023). In the FAI model, TMD symptoms were higher in upper string players (\u03b2\u2009=\u20091.051, P\u2009=\u20090.046) and wind players (\u03b2\u2009=\u20091.430, P\u2009=\u20090.035). Participants with no anxiety (\u03b2 = \u22122.272, P\u2009=\u20090.003) or mild anxiety (\u03b2\u2009=\u20091.594, P\u2009=\u20090.007) had lower TMD severity compared to those with severe anxiety. Age, daily practice time and gender were not significant in either model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TMD and headaches are highly prevalent in music education students, particularly among certain instrument groups and those with higher anxiety. Recognition of these associations may support further research into targeted risk assessment and management in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqaf135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T12:59:05Z","timestamp":1765025945000},"page":"64-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Temporomandibular disorders and headaches in music education students: associations with anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2438-9271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H \u00d6","family":"Akkor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Music Education, Faculty of Education, Ondokuz May\u0131s University , Samsun, 55200,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5205-1203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E A","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz May\u0131s University , Samsun, 55270,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0593-3400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B","family":"Bas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz May\u0131s University , Samsun, 55270,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC\/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the International RDC\/TMD Consortium Network and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group","volume":"28","author":"Schiffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B2","first-page":"a115","article-title":"Revision of the American Association of Dental Research\u2019s science information statement about temporomandibular disorders","volume":"76","author":"Greene","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2022.12.001","article-title":"Classification and diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders and temporomandibular disorder pain","volume":"67","author":"Klasser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B4","first-page":"270","article-title":"Symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in the population: an epidemiological study","volume":"24","author":"de Godoi Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2017.43.6.363","article-title":"Association between headache and temporomandibular disorder","volume":"43","author":"Abouelhuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi265","article-title":"The epidemiology of chronic syndromes that are frequently unexplained: do they have common associated factors?","volume":"35","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2002.02124.x","article-title":"Chronic daily headache in children and adolescents presenting to tertiary headache clinics","volume":"42","author":"Koenig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.01.012","article-title":"Review of aetiological concepts of temporomandibular pain disorders: towards a biopsychosocial model for integration of physical disorder factors with psychological and psychosocial illness impact factors","volume":"9","author":"Suvinen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.2001.00708.x","article-title":"Oral habits among adolescent girls and their association with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"28","author":"Winocur","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/216507990605400703","article-title":"Musician health and safety: preventing playing-related musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"54","author":"Foxman","year":"2006","journal-title":"AAOHN J"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13150","article-title":"Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in musicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Campos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqr129","article-title":"Musculoskeletal pain in elite professional musicians from British symphony orchestras","volume":"61","author":"Leaver","year":"2011","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/37038","article-title":"The impact of the long-term playing of musical instruments on the stomatognathic system-review","volume":"23","author":"G\u0142owacka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B14","first-page":"23","author":"Fonseca","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2006.018","article-title":"Anamnestic index severity and signs and symptoms of TMD","volume":"24","author":"Bevilaqua-Grossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.26450\/jshsr.536","article-title":"Are fatigue of joint, neck disability and headache related each other in temporomandibular disorders?","volume":"5","author":"Arikan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JSHSR"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.032","article-title":"Sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7)","volume":"265","author":"Toussaint","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2016.57.6.1500","article-title":"Clinical signs and subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in instrumentalists","volume":"57","author":"Jang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13868","article-title":"Prevalence of painful temporomandibular disorder symptoms among professional and student musicians: an online survey","volume":"52","author":"Z\u2019Graggen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqt148","article-title":"Symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction in professional orchestra musicians","volume":"64","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B22","first-page":"1019","article-title":"Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders in musicians: a systematic review of incidence and prevalence","volume":"158","author":"Zaza","year":"1998","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1177\/1943862112445796","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders: symptoms and facial pain in orchestra musicians in Finland","volume":"4","author":"Heikkil\u00e4","year":"2012","journal-title":"Music Med"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B24","first-page":"321","article-title":"A critical review on the importance of psychological factors in temporomandibular disorders","volume":"52","author":"Manfredini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607927","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.607927","article-title":"Anxiety and depression symptom level and psychotherapy use among music and art students compared to the general student population","volume":"12","author":"Vaag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1024\/1661-4747\/a000052","article-title":"Emotionale Belastungen bei Berufsmusikern und ihre Folgen","volume":"59","author":"J\u00e4ncke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990430","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.990430","article-title":"Association between temporomandibular disorders and anxiety: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-013-2470-5","article-title":"Frequency, severity and predictors of playing-related musculoskeletal pain in professional orchestral musicians in Germany","volume":"34","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.1992.11677916","article-title":"Musicians and temporomandibular disorders: prevalence and occupational etiologic considerations","volume":"10","author":"Taddey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2011.05.018","article-title":"Clinical survey of the patients with temporomandibular joint disorders, using Research Diagnostic Criteria (Axis II) for TMD: preliminary study","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2026021516164732000_kqaf135-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1698909","article-title":"Sociodemographic comparison in patients with subjective and objective clinical findings of temporomandibular dysfunctions","volume":"5","author":"Sener","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"}],"container-title":["Occupational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/occmed\/article-pdf\/76\/1\/64\/66313131\/kqaf135.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/occmed\/article-pdf\/76\/1\/64\/66313131\/kqaf135.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T21:16:58Z","timestamp":1771190218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/occmed\/article\/76\/1\/64\/8417585"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/kqaf135","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-7480","1471-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-7480","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}