{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:47:44Z","timestamp":1792273664624,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health and Safety Executive in the UK","award":["PRJ500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRJ500"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from trauma encountered in the workplace, may present to occupational physicians. We report on a prospective national voluntary surveillance system of incident cases by occupational physicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyse data from the UK Occupational Physicians Reporting Activity (OPRA), collected over a 28-year period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed OPRA data for cases of PTSD. Content analysis identified various types of psychiatric trauma across occupations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 397 reports of PTSD as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) from 1996 to 2024. PTSD accounted for 2% of all OPRA reported conditions and 3% of all OPRA mental health cases. The mean age of reported PTSD cases was 40.9\u2009years; 68% (n\u2009=\u2009271) were male, in comparison to 42% of all mental health cases being male. The mean duration of PTSD symptoms before assessment was 30.6\u2009months (SE\u2009=\u20093.1). PTSD was most frequently reported in police (20%), military personnel (11%), general nurses (7%), social workers (5%) and train driver\/rail (5%). Content analysis revealed that the main traumas were physical assault (22%), military trauma (17%), physical incidents such as electrocution or explosion (10%), and non-violent interpersonal conflict (10%). PTSD was often comorbid with depression and anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-traumatic stress disorder occurs in an array of specific exposures and jobs. It is reported more often in males than females. The most frequent professions were military, police and healthcare. Detecting PTSD through work is important. Occupational physicians should ensure people with PTSD have access to mental health professionals, evidence-based psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqag043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:19:17Z","timestamp":1777893557000},"page":"319-325","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post-traumatic stress disorder cases reported by UK occupational physicians 1996\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"B","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Ellen Wilkinson Building, University of Manchester , Manchester,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Fishwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Ellen Wilkinson Building, University of Manchester , Manchester,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"The Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield , Sheffield,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester University NHS Trust , Manchester,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Carder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Ellen Wilkinson Building, University of Manchester , Manchester,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Ellen Wilkinson Building, University of Manchester , 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Manchester,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"Iheozor-ejiofor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Ellen Wilkinson Building, University of Manchester , Manchester,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Mchale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Ellen Wilkinson Building, University of Manchester , Manchester,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Van Tongeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Ellen Wilkinson Building, University of Manchester , 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