{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T13:31:29Z","timestamp":1788010289275,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OCCMED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqv019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]],"date-time":"2015-05-13T12:07:50Z","timestamp":1431518870000},"page":"270-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a standard of care"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Fishwick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The COPD Standard Collaboration Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60968-9"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Chronic Respiratory Diseases; COPD. http:\/\/www.who.int\/respiratory\/copd\/en\/ (10 July 2012, date last accessed)."},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.3","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (partial update)","author":"NICE Clinical Guideline 101","year":"2010"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3283431674"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91474-2","article-title":"Cadmium fume inhalation and emphysema","volume":"1","author":"Davison","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.4.237"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.6.1241"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.1.38"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32834ecb65"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02027.x"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.167.5.787"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.12","unstructured":"HSE. Control of Substances Hazardous to health (COSHH) Regulations. http:\/\/www.hse.gov.uk\/coshh\/ (5 March 2014, date last accessed)."},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.13","unstructured":"Department of Health. An Outcomes Strategy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Asthma in England. http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/prod_consum_dh\/groups\/dh_digitalassets\/documents\/digitalasset\/dh_128428.pdf (5 March 2014, date last accessed)."},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.14","unstructured":"HealthCare Improvement Scotland. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. http:\/\/sign.ac.uk\/ (5 March 2014, date last accessed)."},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200755"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.016287"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01763.x"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.031153"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.19","unstructured":"Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Three Star System (1995). http:\/\/www.occupationalasthma.com\/occupational_asthma_pageview.aspx?id=4533 (5 March 2014, date last accessed)."},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e31829baa97"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.21","first-page":"251","article-title":"Occupation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis: an update","volume":"11","author":"Blanc","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.099390"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200543"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00094203"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00038309"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-009-0295-0"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20792","article-title":"Airways obstruction among older construction and trade workers at Department of Energy nuclear sites","volume":"53","author":"Dement","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2011.611957"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3400"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/lds028"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201110-1917OC"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.1.80"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.33","first-page":"3","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in female asbestos workers","volume":"24","author":"Kalaci\u0107","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arh Hig Rada Toksikol"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000142141.28139.25"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00048208"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.36","first-page":"53","article-title":"Respiratory diseases in wood workers","volume":"44","author":"Carosso","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000165748.31326.e8"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.59.5.345"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2008.040493"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00034304"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200605-730OC"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2002.006114"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.888"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.44","first-page":"500","article-title":"Respiratory disorders among tobacco workers","volume":"45","author":"Lander","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.45","first-page":"472","article-title":"Loss of lung function associated with exposure to silica dust and with smoking and its relation to disability and mortality in South African gold miners","volume":"49","author":"Hnizdo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1768"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.47","first-page":"53","article-title":"Silica exposure, silicosis, and lung cancer: a mortality study of South African gold miners","volume":"48","author":"Hnizdo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.48","first-page":"512","article-title":"Health risks among white South African goldminers\u2013dust, smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"81","author":"Hnizdo","year":"1992","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20406"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20470"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf105"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.051524"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqg041"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2003.010058"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2192"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8743"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.2.298"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-13-24"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2012-100782"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.1.264"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.61","first-page":"656","article-title":"Combined effect of silica dust and tobacco smoking on mortality from chronic obstructive lung disease in gold miners","volume":"47","author":"Hnizdo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1977.10667284"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)90671-7"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.64","first-page":"528","article-title":"Emphysema and dust exposure in a group of coal workers","volume":"129","author":"Ruckley","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.4.2006063"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.53.1.46"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-006-0161-0"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.68","first-page":"215","article-title":"Follow-up study of construction workers with obstructive lung disease","volume":"58","author":"Pham","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand J Respir Dis"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.69","first-page":"523","article-title":"Measurements of respiratory illness among construction painters","volume":"45","author":"White","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e318162f601"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.71","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chronic bronchitis in miners and non-miners: an epidemiological survey of a community in the gold-mining area in the Transvaal","volume":"24","author":"Sluis-Cremer","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700160209"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1989.9935909"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.74","first-page":"275","article-title":"Occupational exposure and pulmonary function of jute mill workers in Sunsari, Nepal","volume":"11","author":"Das","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nepal Med Coll J"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.75","first-page":"478","article-title":"Effects on the lung function of exposure to carbon black dusts. Results of a study carried out on 677 members of staff of the DEGUSSA factory in Kalscheuren\/Germany","volume":"68","author":"K\u00fcpper","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.76","first-page":"225","article-title":"An epidemiological study of respiratory symptoms in Lancashire mills, 1963-66","volume":"27","author":"Molyneux","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.3_Pt_1.675"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2830"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.79","first-page":"810","article-title":"Determinants of chronic bronchitis and lung dysfunction in Western Australian gold miners","volume":"44","author":"Holman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000153"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9907117"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.82","first-page":"455","article-title":"Alpha 1 antitrypsin and lung function in British coalminers","volume":"41","author":"Boyd","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000153493"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199811000-00009"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.035170"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00572234"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.87","unstructured":"Respiratory Protective Equipment at Work. A Practical Guide. www.hse.gov.uk\/pubns\/books\/hsg53.htm (5 March 2014, date last accessed)."},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.88","first-page":"199","article-title":"Characteristics of farmers who have obtained personal dust respirators","volume":"152","author":"Virolainen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis Suppl"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.56.5.328"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.90","first-page":"487","article-title":"Characteristics of coalminers who have suffered excessive loss of lung function over 10 years","volume":"20","author":"Pern","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/21.5.972"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-0361.1991.tb00728.x"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2008.02719.x"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2012.737072"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.02020165","article-title":"Questionnaire of the European Community for Coal and Steel (ECSC) on respiratory symptoms. 1987\u2014updating of the 1962 and 1967 questionnaires for studying chronic bronchitis and emphysema","volume":"2","author":"Minette","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07050954"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034505"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e31821aa964"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.99","first-page":"120","article-title":"Effects of spirometry standards in two occupational cohorts","volume":"132","author":"Eisen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.031146"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.37.3.193"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874431101004010094"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.103","unstructured":"SPIROLA. Spirometry Longitudinal Data Analysis (SPIROLA) Software. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/spirometry\/spirola-software.html (5 March 2014, date last accessed)."},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.104","unstructured":"Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HETA 2007\u20130033 Interim Report March 29, 2007. www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/hhe\/reports\/pdfs\/2007-0033-letter.pdf (5 March 2014, date last accessed)."},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/17.2.397"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200806-840OC"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.5.7952548"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.3.2008084"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.51.7.440"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181973de5"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200105000-00003"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-005-0617-7"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-97-5-645"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000138127.00991.cf"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.9.1506"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.116","first-page":"150","article-title":"Can exposure to coalmine dust cause a severe impairment of lung function?","volume":"43","author":"Hurley","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0622"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.58.4.408"},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.119","unstructured":"The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. E-Fact Sheets. http:\/\/osha.europa.eu\/en\/publications\/e-facts\/ (5 March 2014, date last accessed)."},{"key":"2015092108385654000_65.4.270.120","unstructured":"Health Monitoring for Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease. G401. http:\/\/www.hse.gov.uk\/aboutus\/meetings\/iacs\/acts\/301106\/acts252006annex4.pdf (5 March 2014, date last accessed)."}],"container-title":["Occupational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/occmed\/article-pdf\/65\/4\/270\/4183839\/kqv019.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T23:22:13Z","timestamp":1717888933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/occmed\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/occmed\/kqv019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1093\/occmed\/kqv019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/kqv019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-7480","1471-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-7480","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]}}}