{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T09:08:38Z","timestamp":1793351318509,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqx092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]],"date-time":"2017-08-16T23:10:56Z","timestamp":1502925056000},"page":"515-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Poor working conditions and work stress among Canadian sex workers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Duff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada,"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Sou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada,"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 5804 Fairview Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sex Workers United Against Violence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Dobrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Braschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Goldenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada,"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada,"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada,"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 5804 Fairview Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2010.00594.x","article-title":"The decriminalization of prostitution is associated with better coverage of health promotion programs for sex workers","volume":"34","author":"Harcourt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt9qgqkd","volume-title":"Taking the Crime Out of Sex Work","author":"Abel","year":"2010"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0003","first-page":"77","article-title":"Sex work and health: a question of safety in the workplace","volume":"53","author":"Alexander","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2491-x","article-title":"Work environments and HIV prevention: a qualitative review and meta-synthesis of sex worker narratives","volume":"15","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-6-24","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder among female street-based sex workers in the greater Sydney area, Australia","volume":"6","author":"Roxburgh","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230701385498","article-title":"Silent killers of the night: an exploration of psychological health and suicidality among female street sex workers","volume":"33","author":"Ling","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.5.1.95","article-title":"Emotion regulation in the workplace: a new way to conceptualize emotional labor","volume":"5","author":"Grandey","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-204427","article-title":"The relationship between social, policy and physical venue features and social cohesion on condom use for pregnancy prevention among sex workers: a safer indoor work environment scale","volume":"69","author":"Duff","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.3.4.322","article-title":"The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): an instrument for internationally comparative assessments of psychosocial job characteristics","volume":"3","author":"Karasek","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-006-0058-y","article-title":"Perceived work stress, imbalance between work and family\/personal lives, and mental disorders","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000042","article-title":"HIV infection among female sex workers in concentrated and high prevalence epidemics: why a structural determinants framework is needed","volume":"9","author":"Shannon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732310395328","article-title":"The role of brothels in reducing HIV risk in Sonagachi, India","volume":"21","author":"Ghose","year":"2011","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2011.603868","article-title":"Violence in the massage parlor industry: experiences of Canadian-born and immigrant women","volume":"33","author":"Bungay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005191","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005191","article-title":"Criminalisation of clients: reproducing vulnerabilities for violence and poor health among street-based sex workers in Canada - a qualitative study","volume":"4","author":"Kr\u00fcsi","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0015","first-page":"371482","article-title":"The female sex work industry in a district of India in the context of HIV prevention","volume":"2012","author":"Buzdugan","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Res Treat"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.1.66","article-title":"Sex trading and psychological distress among women recruited from the streets of Harlem","volume":"87","author":"el-Bassel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405591","article-title":"Changes in job stressors in the Canadian working population","volume":"97","author":"Shannon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2149\/tmh.2015-24","article-title":"Occupational stress among textile workers in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"43","author":"Kitronza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-812320152012.01522015","article-title":"Assessment of occupational stress and associated factors among bank employees in Vitoria, State of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Brazil","volume":"20","author":"Petarli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cien Saude Colet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0021","first-page":"55","article-title":"The global epidemiology of HIV among female sex workers: structural determinants","volume":"385","author":"Shannon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Ser HIV Sex Work"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2015.1008046","article-title":"Violence prevention and municipal licensing of indoor sex work venues in the Greater Vancouver Area: narratives of migrant sex workers, managers and business owners","volume":"17","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0023","first-page":"147","article-title":"When sex is work: organizing for labour rights and protections","volume":"69","author":"van der Muelen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Labour"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0024","first-page":"1","article-title":"A community empowerment approach to the HIV response among sex workers: effectiveness, challenges, and considerations for implementation and scale-up","volume":"6736","author":"Kerrigan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0170642","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170642","article-title":"Structural determinants of health among im\/migrants in the indoor sex industry: experiences of workers and managers\/owners in Metropolitan Vancouver","volume":"12","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300638","article-title":"Negotiating safety and sexual risk reduction with clients in unsanctioned safer indoor sex work environments: a qualitative study","volume":"102","author":"Kr\u00fcsi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-204427","article-title":"The relationship between social, policy and physical venue features and social cohesion on condom use for pregnancy prevention among sex workers: a safer indoor work environment scale","volume":"69","author":"Duff","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0028","volume-title":"Prostitution Reform Act 2003","author":"Ministry of Justice.","year":"2013"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20181024120316491_CIT0029","volume-title":"Sexuality and Development: Brazilian National Response to HIV\/AIDS Amongst Sex Workers","author":"Pimenta","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Occupational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/occmed\/article-pdf\/67\/7\/515\/26154189\/kqx092.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T09:43:14Z","timestamp":1570009394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/occmed\/article\/67\/7\/515\/4091502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/kqx092","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-7480","1471-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-7480","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]}}}