{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:10:07Z","timestamp":1753877407150,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,19]],"date-time":"2020-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579392000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The HIV epidemic is unevenly distributed throughout the United States, even within neighborhoods. This study evaluated how effectively current testing approaches reached persons at risk for HIV infection across San Diego (SD) County, California.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV case and testing data, sexually transmitted infection (STI) and socio-demographic data for SD County were collected from the SD Health and Human Services Agency and the \u2018Early Test\u2019 community-based HIV screening program between 1998 and 2016. Relationships between HIV diagnoses, HIV prevalence, and STI diagnoses with screening at zip code level were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 379,074 HIV tests were performed. The numbers of HIV tests performed on persons residing in a zip code or region overall strongly correlated with prevalent HIV cases (R2=0.714), new HIV diagnoses (R2=0.798), and STI diagnoses (R2=0.768 [chlamydia],0.836 [gonorrhea], 0.655 [syphilis]) in those regions. Zip codes with the highest HIV prevalence had the highest number of tests per resident and fewest number of tests per diagnosis. Even though most screening tests occurred at fixed venues located in high prevalence areas, screening of residents from lower prevalence areas was mostly proportional to the prevalence of HIV and rates of new HIV and STI diagnoses in those locales.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study supported the ability of a small number of standalone testing centers to reach at-risk populations dispersed across SD County. These methods can also be used to highlight geographic areas, or demographic segments that may benefit from more intensive screening.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,19]],"date-time":"2020-01-19T12:46:35Z","timestamp":1579437995000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optimizing Screening for HIV"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Antoine","family":"Chaillon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hoenigl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorri","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Division of Public Health Services, San Diego, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruna","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Division of Public Health Services, San Diego, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Winston","family":"Tilghman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Division of Public Health Services, San Diego, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Division of Public Health Services, San Diego, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davey","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States of America"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay R","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States of America"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, United States of America"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,19]]},"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa024\/31876437\/ofaa024.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa024\/31876437\/ofaa024.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,19]],"date-time":"2020-01-19T12:46:36Z","timestamp":1579437996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa024\/5709626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,19]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2328-8957"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,19]]},"article-number":"ofaa024"}}