{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:07:48Z","timestamp":1792786068846,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]],"date-time":"2020-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health","award":["K23EY030159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23EY030159"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV infection can result in vision loss from different causes, including HIV retinopathy and uveitis secondary to other infections, such as toxoplasmosis and viral retinitis. It is imperative to identify any infectious causes of uveitis to successfully treat the condition and prevent further vision loss. Metagenomic deep sequencing (MDS) is an emerging technology that presents an unbiased approach to the evaluation of clinical syndromes, including uveitis, that have not been diagnosed by pathogen-specific testing. Herein we present a case of a woman living with HIV with 11 years of relapsing bilateral uveitis refractory to systemic corticosteroid therapy who was diagnosed with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)\u2013associated uveitis by this technology. We also briefly review the literature of MDS as a diagnostic tool and the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of HTLV-1-associated uveitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]],"date-time":"2020-03-09T03:37:21Z","timestamp":1583725041000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Relapsing Uveitis due to Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in a Patient Living With HIV Diagnosed by Metagenomic Deep Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0318-4939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varun K","family":"Phadke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica G","family":"Shantha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazala","family":"O\u2019Keefe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0344-6","article-title":"Illuminating uveitis: metagenomic deep sequencing identifies common and rare pathogens","volume":"8","author":"Doan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.06.013","article-title":"Metagenomic deep sequencing for the diagnosis of corneal and external disease infections","volume":"126","author":"Seitzman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.6185","article-title":"Association of ocular inflammation and rubella virus persistence","volume":"137","author":"Gonzales","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311151","article-title":"Metagenomic deep sequencing of aqueous fluid detects intraocular lymphomas","volume":"102","author":"Gonzales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.045","article-title":"Metagenomic DNA sequencing for the diagnosis of intraocular infections","volume":"124","author":"Doan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix881","article-title":"Understanding the promises and hurdles of metagenomic next-generation sequencing as a diagnostic tool for infectious diseases","volume":"66","author":"Simner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000311","article-title":"Current and future molecular diagnostics for ocular infectious diseases","volume":"27","author":"Doan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14058","article-title":"Acute West Nile virus meningoencephalitis diagnosed via metagenomic deep sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid in a renal transplant patient","volume":"17","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu912","article-title":"Diagnosis of neuroinvasive astrovirus infection in an immunocompromised adult with encephalitis by unbiased next-generation sequencing","volume":"60","author":"Naccache","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2310.161986","article-title":"Diagnosis of fatal human case of St. Louis encephalitis virus infection by metagenomic sequencing, California, 2016","volume":"23","author":"Chiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24982","article-title":"A novel cause of chronic viral meningoencephalitis: Cache Valley virus","volume":"82","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0463","article-title":"Chronic meningitis investigated via metagenomic next-generation sequencing","volume":"75","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12141","article-title":"Uveitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons with CD4+ T-lymphocyte count over 200 cells\/mL","volume":"42","author":"Rose-Nussbaumer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73974-1","article-title":"Uveitis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I","volume":"114","author":"Mochizuki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71279-6","article-title":"Clinical and immunologic features of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I uveitis","volume":"116","author":"Yoshimura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3109\/09273940903137667","article-title":"A clinical survey of uveitis in HTLV-1 endemic region","volume":"17","author":"Miyanaga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"2020031906373268300_CIT0017","first-page":"676","article-title":"Immunologic and virologic characterization of the primary infiltrating cells in the aqueous humor of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 uveitis. Accumulation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1-infected cells and constitutive expression of viral and interleukin-6 messenger ribonucleic acids","volume":"38","author":"Ono","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa078\/32862022\/ofaa078.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/7\/3\/ofaa078\/32931482\/ofaa078.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/7\/3\/ofaa078\/32931482\/ofaa078.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T06:38:02Z","timestamp":1584599882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa078\/5800043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa078","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"article-number":"ofaa078"}}