{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:43:25Z","timestamp":1791179005831,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010897","name":"Newton Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P017622\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P017622\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010897","name":"Newton Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S019898\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S019898\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis (CPH) is an uncommon manifestation of Histoplasma infection with features similar to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In endemic areas, it may be misdiagnosed as smear-negative pulmonary TB. Historical case series mainly from patients with presumed TB described a high frequency of cavitation and poor prognosis, likely resulting from delayed presentation. More recent reports suggest that CPH can present with nodules, lymphadenopathy, or infiltrates, with cavities being a less common feature. Emphysema is the main risk factor for cavitary CPH. CPH is therefore an umbrella term, with chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis and Histoplasma nodules being the main long-term manifestations in nonimmunocompromised individuals. Diagnosis relies on a high index of suspicion, use of fungal culture of respiratory samples, antibody testing, and compatible radiological picture. Treatment with itraconazole for at least 12 months is recommended. Morbidity from CPH results from slow progression of cavities and gradual loss of lung function, especially if not recognized and treated. Studies on the epidemiology of CPH are needed in order to improve understanding of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:25:26Z","timestamp":1586132726000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Chronic Pulmonary Histoplasmosis\u2014A Scoping Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jacob","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Manchester and the Manchester Academic Health Service Centre, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0662-1265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Kosmidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Manchester and the Manchester Academic Health Service Centre, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"The National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Rozaliyani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Retno","family":"Wahyuningsih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine, Jakarta, Indonesia"},{"name":"Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5626-2251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W","family":"Denning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Manchester and the Manchester Academic Health Service Centre, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"The National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.53.2.186-209.1989","article-title":"Dimorphism in Histoplasma capsulatum: a model for the study of cell differentiation in pathogenic fungi","volume":"53","author":"Maresca","year":"1989","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.06.008","article-title":"Environmental and wilderness-related risk factors for histoplasmosis: more than bats in caves","volume":"29","author":"Diaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.29.6.649","article-title":"Geographic variation in the prevalence of histoplasmin sensitivity","volume":"29","author":"Manos","year":"1956","journal-title":"Dis Chest"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0004","article-title":"Histoplasmosis: time to redraw the map and up our game","author":"McKinsey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-2922-y","article-title":"Serious fungal infections in Canada","volume":"36","author":"Dufresne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2111.141950","article-title":"Mycotic infections acquired outside areas of known endemicity, United States","volume":"21","author":"Benedict","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0007","first-page":"29","article-title":"Systemic histoplasmosis in South Africa","volume":"37","author":"Klugman","year":"1963","journal-title":"S Afric Med J"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0008","first-page":"71","article-title":"Occurrence of histoplasmosis in the Indian sub-continent: an overview and update","volume":"7","author":"Randhawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Res Pract"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e318206e499","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in Australia: report of 16 cases and literature review","volume":"90","author":"McLeod","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12029","article-title":"Histoplasmosis: a new endemic fungal infection in China? Review and analysis of cases","volume":"56","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006046","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006046","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in Africa: an emerging or a neglected disease?","volume":"12","author":"Oladele","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-015-0044-0","article-title":"Histoplasmosis infections worldwide: thinking outside of the Ohio River Valley","volume":"2","author":"Bahr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Trop Med Rep"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1644539","article-title":"Mapping histoplasmosis in South East Asia\u2014implications for diagnosis in AIDS","volume":"8","author":"Baker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Microb Infect"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30354-2","article-title":"Burden of HIV-associated histoplasmosis compared with tuberculosis in Latin America: a modelling study","volume":"18","author":"Adenis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198407000-00002","article-title":"Cavitary histoplasmosis occurring during two large urban outbreaks. Analysis of clinical, epidemiologic, roentgenographic, and laboratory features","volume":"63","author":"Wheat","year":"1984","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197611000-00001","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis","volume":"55","author":"Goodwin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00027-06","article-title":"Histoplasmosis: a clinical and laboratory update","volume":"20","author":"Kauffman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e171312","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2408.171312","article-title":"Case definition of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in resource-constrained settings","volume":"24","author":"Denning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e318144b1d9","article-title":"Redefining the clinical spectrum of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis: a retrospective case series of 46 patients","volume":"86","author":"Kennedy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(59)90347-X","article-title":"The course and prognosis of histoplasmosis","volume":"27","author":"Rubin","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2003.08.007","article-title":"Current diagnosis of histoplasmosis","volume":"11","author":"Wheat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0022","first-page":"609","article-title":"Chronic progressive (cavitary) histoplasmosis as a problem in tuberculosis sanatoriums","volume":"73","author":"Furcolow","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am Rev Tuberc"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0023","first-page":"47","article-title":"Early chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis","volume":"93","author":"Goodwin","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132005000400009","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis mimicking tuberculosis","volume":"31","author":"Unis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Brasileiro de Pneumologia"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02581.x","article-title":"Review of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB: global perspectives with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"15","author":"Migliori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30309-2","article-title":"Pulmonary and sinus fungal diseases in non-immunocompromised patients","volume":"17","author":"Denning","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1148\/121.2.281","article-title":"Radiographic manifestations of pulmonary histoplasmosis: a 10-year review","volume":"121","author":"Connell","year":"1976","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00060-07","article-title":"Cavitary pulmonary disease","volume":"21","author":"Gadkowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1953.00240220119015","article-title":"Active chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis","volume":"92","author":"Sutliff","year":"1953","journal-title":"AMA Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.08.045","article-title":"Can lung cancer screening by computed tomography be effective in areas with endemic histoplasmosis?","volume":"141","author":"Starnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-013-9506-0","article-title":"Fungal infection mimicking pulmonary malignancy: clinical and radiological characteristics","volume":"191","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2013.05.024","article-title":"Visibility of Histoplasma within histiocytes on hematoxylin and eosin distinguishes disseminated histoplasmosis from other forms of pulmonary histoplasmosis","volume":"44","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1086\/521259","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"45","author":"Wheat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.8.1723-1724.1991","article-title":"Variability in commercial Histoplasma complement fixation antigens","volume":"29","author":"Leland","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1427-0","article-title":"Validation of Western blot for Histoplasma capsulatum antibody detection assay","volume":"16","author":"Almeida","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir435","article-title":"A multicenter evaluation of tests for diagnosis of histoplasmosis","volume":"53","author":"Hage","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0276-3","article-title":"Aspergillus nodules; another presentation of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"16","author":"Muldoon","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.04.017","article-title":"Diagnosis of pulmonary histoplasmosis and blastomycosis by detection of antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using an improved second-generation enzyme-linked immunoassay","volume":"101","author":"Hage","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(61)90153-X","article-title":"Cavitary histoplasmosis complicated by fungus ball","volume":"31","author":"Schwarz","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2020050909475012500_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197007302830503","article-title":"Treatment of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis: a National Communicable Disease Center Cooperative Mycoses Study","volume":"283","author":"Parker","year":"1970","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa119\/33014569\/ofaa119.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/7\/5\/ofaa119\/33198375\/ofaa119.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/7\/5\/ofaa119\/33198375\/ofaa119.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T09:48:03Z","timestamp":1589017683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa119\/5816327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa119","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"article-number":"ofaa119"}}