{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T22:17:13Z","timestamp":1768083433259,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K23AI125677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AI125677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000182","name":"US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-16-C-0147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-16-C-0147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Office of Naval Research to the Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme"},{"name":"Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School"},{"name":"Duke Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pathogen-based diagnostics for acute respiratory infection (ARI) have limited ability to detect etiology of illness. We previously showed that peripheral blood-based host gene expression classifiers accurately identify bacterial and viral ARI in cohorts of European and African descent. We determined classifier performance in a South Asian cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients \u226515 years with fever and respiratory symptoms were enrolled in Sri Lanka. Comprehensive pathogen-based testing was performed. Peripheral blood ribonucleic acid was sequenced and previously developed signatures were applied: a pan-viral classifier (viral vs nonviral) and an ARI classifier (bacterial vs viral vs noninfectious).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ribonucleic acid sequencing was performed in 79 subjects: 58 viral infections (36 influenza, 22 dengue) and 21 bacterial infections (10 leptospirosis, 11 scrub typhus). The pan-viral classifier had an overall classification accuracy of 95%. The ARI classifier had an overall classification accuracy of 94%, with sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 95%, respectively, for bacterial infection. The sensitivity and specificity of C-reactive protein (&amp;gt;10 mg\/L) and procalcitonin (&amp;gt;0.25 ng\/mL) for bacterial infection were 100% and 34%, and 100% and 41%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previously derived gene expression classifiers had high predictive accuracy at distinguishing viral and bacterial infection in South Asian patients with ARI caused by typical and atypical pathogens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T16:30:45Z","timestamp":1590510645000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Previously Derived Host Gene Expression Classifiers Identify Bacterial and Viral Etiologies of Acute Febrile Respiratory Illness in a South Asian Population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6012-7271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L Gayani","family":"Tillekeratne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Suchindran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily R","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Program in Hospital Medicine, Duke Regional Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Petzold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Champica K","family":"Bodinayake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajith","family":"Nagahawatte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasantha","family":"Devasiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruvini","family":"Kurukulasooriya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradly P","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Research, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micah T","family":"McClain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas W","family":"Burke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ephraim L","family":"Tsalik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Henao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey S","family":"Ginsburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan E","family":"Reller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher W","family":"Woods","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0001","first-page":"1133","article-title":"GBD 2016 Lower Respiratory Infections Collaborators. Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-0542(03)00024-1","article-title":"Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory tract virus infections in the tropics","volume":"4","author":"Shek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.4151","article-title":"Prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions among US ambulatory care visits, 2010-2011","volume":"315","author":"Fleming-Dutra","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.09.009","article-title":"The influence of rapid influenza diagnostic testing on antibiotic prescribing patterns in rural Thailand","volume":"11","author":"Bhavnani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.5214","article-title":"Use and prescription of antibiotics in primary health care settings in China","volume":"174","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0006","article-title":"The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study Group. Causes of severe pneumonia requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection from Africa and Asia: the PERCH multi-country case-control study","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0699","article-title":"Respiratory viral infection: an underappreciated cause of acute febrile illness admissions in southern Sri Lanka","volume":"100","author":"Tillekeratne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70318-9","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions","volume":"13","author":"Laxminarayan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0009","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations","author":"The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance","year":"2014"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.08.001","article-title":"The current epidemiology and clinical decisions surrounding acute respiratory infections","volume":"20","author":"Zaas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500245","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. adults","volume":"373","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-1800","article-title":"Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in Chile: the increasing prevalence of respiratory viruses among classic pathogens","volume":"131","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405870","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children","volume":"372","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006258","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006258","article-title":"Evaluation of the WHO 2009 classification for diagnosis of acute dengue in a large cohort of adults and children in Sri Lanka during a dengue-1 epidemic","volume":"12","author":"Bodinayake","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2504.180691","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and molecular diagnosis of scrub typhus and murine typhus, Vietnam, 2015\u20132017","volume":"25","author":"Trung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007205","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007205","article-title":"A simple score to predict severe leptospirosis","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d4847","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4847","article-title":"Management of adolescents and adults with febrile illness in resource limited areas","volume":"343","author":"Crump","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv032","article-title":"Moving toward prime time: host signatures for diagnosis of respiratory infections","volume":"212","author":"Tsalik","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1272-6","article-title":"Performance of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin to distinguish viral from bacterial and malarial causes of fever in Southeast Asia","volume":"15","author":"Lubell","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2018.07.004","article-title":"The role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of pneumonia","volume":"39","author":"Sungurlu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix317","article-title":"Procalcitonin as a marker of etiology in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"65","author":"Self","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw353","article-title":"Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society","volume":"63","author":"Kalil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0023","first-page":"538","article-title":"Procalcitonin to distinguish viral from bacterial pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Kamat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203ra126","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006280","article-title":"A host-based RT-PCR gene expression signature to identify acute respiratory viral infection","volume":"5","author":"Zaas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.07.006","article-title":"Gene expression signatures diagnose influenza and other symptomatic respiratory viral infections in humans","volume":"6","author":"Zaas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322ra11","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad6873","article-title":"Host gene expression classifiers diagnose acute respiratory illness etiology","volume":"8","author":"Tsalik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00517-16","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the new high-throughput Luminex NxTAG respiratory pathogen panel assay for multiplex respiratory pathogen detection","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004995","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004995","article-title":"Emergence of epidemic dengue-1 virus in the southern province of Sri Lanka","volume":"10","author":"Bodinayake","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2251","article-title":"Streaming fragment assignment for real-time analysis of sequencing experiments","volume":"10","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj037","article-title":"Adjusting batch effects in microarray expression data using empirical Bayes methods","volume":"8","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i01","article-title":"Regularization paths for generalized linear models via coordinate descent","volume":"33","author":"Friedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x","article-title":"Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso","volume":"58","author":"Tibshirani","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Royal Statist Soc B"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0033","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.","author":"R Core Team","year":"2017"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0034","volume-title":"Clinical Guide to Use of Procalcitonin for Diagnosis and Guidance Of Antibiotic Therapy.","author":"bioMerieux","year":"2016"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13978","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32264-x","article-title":"Analysis of racial\/ethnic representation in select basic and applied cancer research studies","volume":"8","author":"Guerrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0036","article-title":"Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity","author":"Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget","year":"1997"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0037","article-title":"Census of population and housing 2012","author":"Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka","year":"2012"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv047","article-title":"Superiority of transcriptional profiling over procalcitonin for distinguishing bacterial from viral lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized adults","volume":"212","author":"Suarez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R157","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11477","article-title":"A distinct influenza infection signature in the blood transcriptome of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"16","author":"Parnell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-02-002477","article-title":"Gene expression patterns in blood leukocytes discriminate patients with acute infections","volume":"109","author":"Ramilo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13226","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013226","article-title":"Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein for invasive bacterial pneumonia diagnosis among children in Mozambique, a malaria-endemic area","volume":"5","author":"D\u00edez-Padrisa","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006477","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006477","article-title":"Causes of acute undifferentiated fever and the utility of biomarkers in Chiangrai, northern Thailand","volume":"12","author":"Wangrangsimakul","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007183","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007183","article-title":"A novel diagnostic algorithm equipped on an automated hematology analyzer to differentiate between common causes of febrile illness in Southeast Asia","volume":"13","author":"Prodjosoewojo","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717295115","article-title":"Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015","volume":"115","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.1153","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistant infection treatment costs have doubled since 2002, now exceeding $2 billion annually","volume":"37","author":"Thorpe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1086\/605630","article-title":"Hospital and societal costs of antimicrobial-resistant infections in a Chicago teaching hospital: implications for antibiotic stewardship","volume":"49","author":"Roberts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001291","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-001291","article-title":"Use of clinical algorithms and rapid influenza testing to manage influenza-like illness: a cost-effectiveness analysis in Sri Lanka","volume":"4","author":"Tillekeratne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0150-2","article-title":"RNA sequencing: the teenage years","volume":"20","author":"Stark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy608","article-title":"Host gene expression in nose and blood for the diagnosis of viral respiratory infection","volume":"219","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020062419134088100_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09247","article-title":"An interferon-inducible neutrophil-driven blood transcriptional signature in human tuberculosis","volume":"466","author":"Berry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa194\/33301810\/ofaa194.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/7\/6\/ofaa194\/33425299\/ofaa194.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/7\/6\/ofaa194\/33425299\/ofaa194.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T12:02:10Z","timestamp":1722945730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa194\/5846104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa194","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"article-number":"ofaa194"}}