{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:23:11Z","timestamp":1787728991467,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/open-government-licence\/version\/2\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rat-bite fever is a rare disease associated with rat bites or direct\/indirect rodent contact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined rat-bite fever and rat-bite injury diagnoses in the United States during 2001\u20132015. We analyzed national, state, and Indian Health Service healthcare encounter datasets for rat-bite fever and rat-bite injury diagnoses. We calculated average-annual encounter rates per 1 000 000 persons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nationally, the rat-bite fever Emergency Department visit rate was 0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19\u20130.47) and the hospitalization rate was 0.20 (95% CI, 0.17\u20130.24). The rat-bite injury Emergency Department visit rate was 10.51 (95% CI, 10.13\u201310.88) and the hospitalization rate was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.23\u20130.30). The Indian Health Service Emergency Department\/outpatient visit rate was 3.00 for rat-bite fever and 18.89 for rat-bite injury. The majority of rat-bite fever encounters were among individuals 0\u201319 years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results support the literature that rat-bite fever is rare and affects children and young adults. Targeted education could benefit specific risk groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T05:34:28Z","timestamp":1591508068000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Rat-Bite Fever in the United States: An Analysis Using Multiple National Data Sources, 2001\u20132015"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Pallavi A","family":"Kache","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa K","family":"Person","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M","family":"Seeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R","family":"McQuiston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"McCollum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7580-4116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita M","family":"Traxler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020062716034782200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/8.3.333","article-title":"Rat-bite fever (Sodoku): report of five cases","volume":"8","author":"Leadingham","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2020062716034782200_CIT0002","first-page":"235","article-title":"Rat-bite fever in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Bayne-Jones","year":"1931","journal-title":"Internat Clin"},{"key":"2020062716034782200_CIT0003","first-page":"201","article-title":"Rat-bite fever. 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