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The patient was treated with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) leading to amelioration of the neutropenia. However, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurred, prompting the diagnosis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). GCSF is currently investigated as additional therapy in ARDS, but this case report emphasizes that risks and benefits must be carefully assessed. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of IRIS-induced ARDS in a COVID-19 patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T06:56:52Z","timestamp":1597647412000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A Case of Steroid-Responsive, COVID-19 Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Following the Use of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4822-4113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Mertens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yassine","family":"Laghrib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9861-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Kenyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/STI Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020082210265547400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020082210265547400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.004","article-title":"Clinical progression of 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