{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:44:10Z","timestamp":1790419450217,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lyme neuroborreliosis is a common feature of Borrelia burgdorferi infection (as a neurological manifestation occurring in 10%\u201315% of all Lyme disease cases) and may involve any part of the nervous system, and its coverings, but usually manifests as lymphocytic meningitis, cranial neuritis, and\/or radiculoneuritis. This review describes the imaging findings in Lyme neuroborreliosis: the focal point is on the manifestations of involvement visible on brain and spine imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T23:47:02Z","timestamp":1597794422000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Imaging of Lyme Neuroborreliosis: A Pictorial Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6526-8276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Garkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urszula","family":"\u0141ebkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Kubas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Department, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Garkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Rutka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elwira","family":"Gawarecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Zajkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19906","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.27.19906-en","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis in Europe","volume":"16","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0002","author":"Pa\u0144stwowy Zak\u0142ad Higieny","year":"2017"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25389","article-title":"Lyme neuroborreliosis: clinical outcomes, controversy, pathogenesis, and polymicrobial infections","volume":"85","author":"Garcia-Monco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2018.1417836","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Lyme neuroborreliosis","volume":"16","author":"Halperin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2119\/2007-00091.Rupprecht","article-title":"The pathogenesis of lyme neuroborreliosis: from infection to inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Rupprecht","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.121","article-title":"Lyme neuroborreliosis-epidemiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"11","author":"Koedel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2112-z","article-title":"Common and uncommon neurological manifestations of neuroborreliosis leading to hospitalization","volume":"17","author":"Schwenkenbecher","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02862.x","article-title":"EFNS guidelines on the diagnosis and management of European Lyme neuroborreliosis","volume":"17","author":"Mygland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1086\/508667","article-title":"The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"43","author":"Wormser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000265517.66976.28","article-title":"Practice parameter: treatment of nervous system Lyme disease (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"69","author":"Halperin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01799.x","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of intrathecal antibody testing in acute Lyme neuroborreliosis","volume":"14","author":"Lj\u00f8stad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000269672.17807.e0","article-title":"Relevance of the antibody index to diagnose Lyme neuroborreliosis among seropositive patients","volume":"69","author":"Blanc","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2531081103","article-title":"Neuro-lyme disease: MR imaging findings","volume":"253","author":"Agarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0014","first-page":"892","article-title":"MR imaging assessment of brain and cervical cord damage in patients with neuroborreliosis","volume":"27","author":"Agosta","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850701367903","article-title":"Brain magnetic resonance imaging does not contribute to the diagnosis of chronic neuroborreliosis","volume":"48","author":"Aalto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0016","first-page":"769","article-title":"Lyme neuroborreliosis manifesting as an intracranial mass lesion","volume":"30","author":"Murray","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09706-6","article-title":"Severe Lyme neuroborreliosis with bilateral hemorrhagic temporal encephalitis","volume":"267","author":"Bonduelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-6831-4","article-title":"Neuroborreliosis-associated cerebral vasculitis: long-term outcome and health-related quality of life","volume":"260","author":"Back","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2014.961544","article-title":"Vasculitis and stroke due to Lyme neuroborreliosis - a review","volume":"47","author":"Zajkowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00146","article-title":"Cerebrovascular manifestations of Lyme neuroborreliosis-a systematic review of published cases","volume":"8","author":"Garkowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2174\/157015911796557920","article-title":"Central nervous system vasculitis: still more questions than answers","volume":"9","author":"Alba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-002-0851-6","article-title":"Proton MR spectroscopy in neuroborreliosis: a preliminary study","volume":"46","author":"Ustymowicz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09359-0","article-title":"Neuronal loss or dysfunction in patients with early Lyme neuroborreliosis: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of the brain","volume":"266","author":"Garkowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.5.0927","article-title":"Fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography studies of acute brainstem Lyme neuroborreliosis [corrected] Case report","volume":"102","author":"Plotkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.11.077","article-title":"Lyme neuroborreliosis: a potentially preventable cause of stroke","volume":"170","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2020101511244575100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.05.002","article-title":"Dramatic response to a 3-week course of ceftriaxone in late neuroborreliosis mimicking atypical dementia and normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"366","author":"Topakian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa370\/33663099\/ofaa370.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/7\/10\/ofaa370\/33892676\/ofaa370.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/7\/10\/ofaa370\/33892676\/ofaa370.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T19:21:17Z","timestamp":1696533677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa370\/5894148"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa370","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"article-number":"ofaa370"}}