{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T07:48:53Z","timestamp":1771487333075,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN-US-334\u20134481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN-US-334\u20134481"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of California San Diego Center for AIDS Research","award":["AI036214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI036214"]}]},{"name":"Pacific AIDS Education and Training Center"},{"name":"NIAID\/NIDA","award":["R01AI147490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI147490"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Little is known about the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection among people with HIV (PWH) in the direct-acting antiviral (DAA) era. We evaluate HCV reinfection rates in the DAA era and characterize presustained virologic response (SVR) behavioral risk factors associated with reinfection among PWH at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Observational longitudinal cohort of PWH treated with DAAs between 2014 and July 2019 who achieved SVR and had at least 1 subsequent HCV viral load measurement. HCV reinfection was defined as new HCV viremia after SVR. We examined whether screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and substance use during the pre-SVR period could identify patients at greater risk for reinfection using exact Poisson regression to compare reinfection incidence rates between those with and without pre-SVR STIs and positive urine drug screens.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eight out of 200 PWH were reinfected with HCV a median ~26 weeks after SVR over 328.1 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), for an incidence rate of 2.44\/100 PYFU. The observed HCV reinfection rate was highest among men who have sex with men who inject drugs (MSM IDU; 4.63\/100 PFYU) and those aged 30\u201339 years (6.80\/100 PYFU). Having a positive gonorrhea\/chlamydia test during the pre-SVR period was a predictor of HCV reinfection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The HCV reinfection rate in the DAA era is similar to the rate observed in the interferon era in San Diego in PWH. STI screening during HCV treatment may help determine those at higher risk for HCV reinfection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T13:59:54Z","timestamp":1609336794000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections During Hepatitis C Treatment to Predict Reinfection Among People With HIV"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lucas A","family":"Hill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha K","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca J","family":"Torriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wm Christopher","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward R","family":"Cachay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021020306461165300_CIT0001","first-page":"XXX\u2013XX","article-title":"Primary incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among HIV-infected","volume":"6","author":"Chaillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021020306461165300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001522","article-title":"MSM starting preexposure prophylaxis are at risk of hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"31","author":"Hoornenborg","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2021020306461165300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12859","article-title":"Understanding and addressing hepatitis C reinfection in the oral direct-acting antiviral era","volume":"25","author":"Falade-Nwulia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"2021020306461165300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14578","article-title":"Large transmission cluster of acute hepatitis C identified among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand","volume":"40","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2021020306461165300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002103","article-title":"Reinfection by hepatitis C virus following effective all-oral direct-acting antiviral drug therapy in HIV\/hepatitis C virus coinfected individuals","volume":"33","author":"Berenguer","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2021020306461165300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz949","article-title":"Reinfection with the hepatitis C virus in men who have sex with men after successful treatment with direct acting antivirals in Germany: current incidence rates, compared with rates during the interferon era","volume":"71","author":"Ingiliz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021020306461165300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa645","article-title":"Incidence of HCV reinfection among HIV-positive MSM and its association with sexual risk behavior: a longitudinal analysis. [published online ahead of print May 27, 2020]","author":"Newsum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021020306461165300_CIT0008","article-title":"HCV reinfection among HIV-infected MSM in New York City","author":"Carollo","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021020306461165300_CIT0009","author":"AASLD-IDSA"},{"key":"2021020306461165300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2607","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value","volume":"167","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2021020306461165300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14199","article-title":"HCV reinfections after viral clearance among HIV-positive patients with recent HCV infection in Taiwan","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver 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