{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T10:33:21Z","timestamp":1768473201578,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]],"date-time":"2021-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>It has been established that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a membrane-bound regulatory peptide, for host cell entry. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors have been reported to increase ACE2 in type 2 pneumocyte pulmonary tissue. Controversy exists for the continuation of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in the current pandemic. ACE2 serves as a regulatory enzyme in maintaining homeostasis between proinflammatory angiotensin II and anti-inflammatory angiotensin 1,7 peptides. Derangements in these peptides are associated with cardiovascular disease and are implicated in the progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Augmentation of the ACE2\/Ang 1,7 axis represents a critical target in the supportive management of coronavirus disease 2019\u2013associated lung disease. Observational data describing the use of RAAS inhibitors in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 have not borne signals of harm to date. However, equipoise persists, requiring an analysis of novel agents including recombinant human-ACE2 and existing RAAS inhibitors while balancing ongoing controversies associated with increased coronavirus infectivity and virulence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T16:48:29Z","timestamp":1617727709000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Antagonism in 2019 Novel Coronavirus Acute Lung Injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Davide","family":"Ventura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy L","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, 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