{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T05:13:38Z","timestamp":1768886018387,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China","award":["81803589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81803589"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) pathogenicity and resistance. In addition, the effect of existing treatment options against Lm were systematically evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Six Lm isolates were collected and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 15 antibiotics were done. Subsequently, whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed. Biofilm formation was evaluated by crystal violet staining. Furthermore, the effect of meropenem, linezolid, penicillin, vancomycin, and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole were determined using the time-kill assay.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four sequence types (STs) were identified (ST1, ST3, ST87, ST451). Multivirulence-locus sequence typing results classified ST87 isolates into cluster. All isolates were resistant to fosfomycin and daptomycin with fosX and mprF. In addition, a total of 80 virulence genes were detected and 72 genes were found in all 6 isolates. Seven genes associated with hemolysin were found in 26530 and 115423. However, due to lack of one genomic island including virulence genes related to flagellar synthesis, isolate 115423 produced less biofilm than 5 other isolates. Although all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, the in vitro time-kill assay showed that vancomycin monotherapy resulted in less than 2 log10 cerebrospinal fluid (CFU)\/mL compared with the initial count. Trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole at serum or CFU concentrations had bactericidal effect against tested Lm strains at 24 hours.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ST87 clone was a typical prevalent ST in clinical Lm isolates in China. Trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole might be greater potential therapeutic option against Lm infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T03:57:27Z","timestamp":1617940647000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Options for Clinical <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i> Infections in China"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoqun","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanzi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiajie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingsha","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunqing","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0001","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0002","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0003","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00981","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of clinical Listeria monocytogenes in Beijing, China, 2014\u20132016","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00048","article-title":"How Listeria monocytogenes organizes its surface for virulence","volume":"4","author":"Carvalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30521-7","article-title":"Clinical features and prognostic factors of listeriosis: the MONALISA national prospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Charlier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.05.011","article-title":"The epidemiology of human listeriosis","volume":"9","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.23.4.555","article-title":"Delayed bactericidal activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against Listeria monocytogenes: antagonism of chloramphenicol and rifampin","volume":"23","author":"Winslow","year":"1983","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03616.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial treatment of invasive non-perinatal human listeriosis and the impact of the underlying disease on prognosis","volume":"18","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez Guerrero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2006.18.3.331","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes meningitis and multiple brain abscesses in an immunocompetent host. Favorable response to combination linezolid-meropenem treatment","volume":"18","author":"Manfredi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.6.1108","article-title":"Epidemiological spectrum and current treatment of listeriosis","volume":"13","author":"Cherubin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0012","author":"CLSI","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0013","author":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D604","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1089","article-title":"PHI-base: a new interface and further additions for the multi-species pathogen-host interactions database","volume":"45","author":"Urban","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"Database issue","key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D325","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki008","article-title":"VFDB: a reference database for bacterial virulence factors","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"Database issue","key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D443","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn656","article-title":"ARDB--antibiotic resistance genes database","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01575-06","article-title":"Multi-virulence-locus sequence typing identifies single nucleotide polymorphisms which differentiate epidemic clones and outbreak strains of Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","article-title":"MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0","volume":"30","author":"Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W256","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz239","article-title":"Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL) v4: recent updates and new developments","volume":"47","author":"Letunic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0020","author":"CLSI","year":"1999"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1523-y","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of meropenem in neurocritical care patients with proven or suspected ventriculitis: a prospective observational study","volume":"20","author":"Blassmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.03.011","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial activity of fosfomycin combined with other antimicrobials against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"50","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.07.001","article-title":"Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of linezolid in neurosurgical critically ill patients with proven or suspected central nervous system infections","volume":"44","author":"Luque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520470044025","article-title":"Cefotaxime vs penicillin G for acute neurologic manifestations in Lyme borreliosis. A prospective randomized study","volume":"46","author":"Pfister","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.06.010","article-title":"Determination of vancomycin trough level in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute community-acquired meningitis: a prospective study","volume":"69","author":"Shokouhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.26.6.811","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of adult patients with normal meninges","volume":"26","author":"Dudley","year":"1984","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0027","article-title":"High incidence of severe neurological manifestations and high mortality rate for adult Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in Taiwan","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.3201\/eid\/1706.101778","article-title":"Worldwide distribution of major clones of Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"17","author":"Chenal-Francisque","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02282","article-title":"Isolate-based surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes by whole genome sequencing in Austria","volume":"10","author":"Cabal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00168","article-title":"Analysis of multilocus sequence typing and virulence characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from Chinese retail ready-to-eat food","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00555-18","article-title":"Relative roles of listeriolysin O, InlA, and InlB in Listeria monocytogenes uptake by host cells","volume":"86","author":"Phelps","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.12.005","article-title":"The surface proteins InlA and InlB are interdependently required for polar basolateral invasion by Listeria monocytogenes in a human model of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier","volume":"15","author":"Gr\u00fcndler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.2.5.17703","article-title":"The arsenal of virulence factors deployed by Listeria monocytogenes to promote its cell infection cycle","volume":"2","author":"Camejo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12072-1","article-title":"A hybrid sub-lineage of Listeria monocytogenes comprising hypervirulent isolates","volume":"10","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.10.032","article-title":"The flagellum in bacterial pathogens: for motility and a whole lot more","volume":"46","author":"Chaban","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4418","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01967-06","article-title":"Flagellar motility is critical for Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation","volume":"189","author":"Lemon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2000.00168.x","article-title":"Natural antibiotic susceptibility of Listeria species: L. grayi, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. monocytogenes, L. seeligeri and L. welshimeri strains","volume":"6","author":"Troxler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007525","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007525","article-title":"Epistatic control of intrinsic resistance by virulence genes in Listeria","volume":"14","author":"Scortti","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01139-07","article-title":"Activity of daptomycin against Listeria monocytogenes isolates from cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"52","author":"Spanjaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00207-11","article-title":"Genetic basis for daptomycin resistance in enterococci","volume":"55","author":"Palmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv225","article-title":"Multiple pathways of cross-resistance to glycopeptides and daptomycin in persistent MRSA bacteraemia","volume":"70","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(91)90022-8","article-title":"Susceptibility testing of Listeria monocytogenes. A reassessment of bactericidal activity as a predictor for clinical outcome","volume":"14","author":"Appleman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-004-1135-3","article-title":"Meropenem therapy failure in Listeria monocytogenes infection","volume":"23","author":"Stepanovi\u0107","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.06.006","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment and mortality in patients with Listeria monocytogenes meningitis or bacteraemia","volume":"22","author":"Th\u00f8nnings","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.5.181","article-title":"Treatment of Listeria bacteremia with vancomycin","volume":"13","author":"Blatt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.1.139","article-title":"Successful antepartum treatment of listeriosis with vancomycin plus netilmicin","volume":"17","author":"Bonacorsi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.1.221","article-title":"Development of Listeria meningitis during vancomycin therapy: a case report","volume":"164","author":"Baldassarre","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070723370675600_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01815-09","article-title":"Cure of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis after early transition to oral therapy","volume":"54","author":"Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab177\/36997746\/ofab177.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/8\/6\/ofab177\/38694468\/ofab177.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/8\/6\/ofab177\/38694468\/ofab177.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T02:13:24Z","timestamp":1625710404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab177\/6218088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab177","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"article-number":"ofab177"}}