{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:09:34Z","timestamp":1753877374514,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Rotary International"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Outbreaks of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) continue to expand across Africa. We conducted a serological survey of polio antibodies in high\u2013polio risk areas of Niger to assess risk of poliovirus outbreaks.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children between 1 and 5 years of age were enrolled from structures randomly selected using satellite imaging enumeration in Diffa Province, Niger, in July 2019. After obtaining informed consent, dried blood spot cards were collected. Neutralizing antibodies against 3 poliovirus serotypes were detected using microneutralization assay at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We obtained analyzable data from 309\/322 (95.9%) enrolled children. Seroprevalence of polio antibodies was 290\/309 (93.9%), 272\/309 (88.0%), and 254\/309 (82.2%) for serotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. For serotypes 1 and 2, the seroprevalence did not significantly change with age (P\u2005=\u2005.09 and P\u2005=\u2005.44, respectively); for serotype 3, it increased with age (from 65% in 1\u20132-year-olds to 91.1% in 4\u20135-year olds; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001). We did not identify any risk factors for type 2 seronegativity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With type 2 seroprevalence close to 90%, the risk of emergence of new cVDPV2 outbreaks in Niger is low; however, the risk of cVDPV2 importations from neighboring countries leading to local transmission persists. Niger should maintain its outbreak response readiness capacity and further strengthen its routine immunization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T07:55:18Z","timestamp":1620374118000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Achieving High Poliovirus Antibody Seroprevalence in Areas at Risk of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Transmission\u2014Niger Experience"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sani","family":"Ousmane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire, CERMES, Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan Dano","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire, CERMES, Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William S","family":"Hendley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernardo A","family":"Mainou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tess","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geospatial Research Analysis and Services Program, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aissata","family":"Diaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon A","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ondrej","family":"Mach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0001"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0002"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0003","first-page":"4907","article-title":"Multiple independent emergences of type 2 vaccine-derived polioviruses during a large outbreak in Northern Nigeria","volume":"87","author":"Burns","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0004","first-page":"2649","article-title":"Vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV): impact on poliomyelitis eradication","volume":"27","author":"Minor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0005","first-page":"587","article-title":"Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication","volume":"59","author":"Kew","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0006","first-page":"S434","article-title":"The new polio eradication end game: rationale and supporting evidence","volume":"210","author":"Sutter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0007"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0008","first-page":"934","article-title":"Cessation of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine - worldwide, 2016","volume":"65","author":"Hampton","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0009","article-title":"Evolving epidemiology of poliovirus serotype 2 following withdrawal of the type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine","author":"Macklin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"author":"World Health Organization","key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0010"},{"author":"\/UNICEF","key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0011"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0012","first-page":"S243","article-title":"Cross-sectional serologic assessment of immunity to poliovirus infection in high-risk areas of Northern India","volume":"210","author":"Bahl","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0013","first-page":"S234","article-title":"An acute flaccid paralysis surveillance-based serosurvey of poliovirus antibodies in Western Uttar Pradesh, India","volume":"210","author":"Bahl","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0014","first-page":"S225","article-title":"Assessing population immunity in a persistently high-risk area for wild poliovirus transmission in India: a serological study in Moradabad, Western Uttar Pradesh","volume":"210","author":"Deshpande","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0015","first-page":"S67","article-title":"Achieving high seroprevalence against polioviruses in Sri Lanka\u2014results from a serological survey, 2014","volume":"5","author":"Gamage","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0016","first-page":"691","article-title":"A survey for neutralizing antibodies to the three types of poliovirus among children in Maiduguri, Nigeria","volume":"84","author":"Baba","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0017","first-page":"6759","article-title":"Seroprevalence of poliovirus antibodies amongst children in Zaria, Northern Nigeria","volume":"30","author":"Giwa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0018","first-page":"125","article-title":"Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus among pregnant women attending Murtala Mohammed specialist hospital Kano, Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"Hamid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0019","first-page":"S124","article-title":"Role of serial polio seroprevalence studies in guiding implementation of the polio eradication initiative in Kano, Nigeria: 2011\u20132014","volume":"213","author":"Craig","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0020","first-page":"5125","article-title":"Poliovirus seroprevalence before and after interruption of poliovirus transmission in Kano State, Nigeria","volume":"34","author":"Iliyasu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0021","first-page":"e00563","article-title":"Assessment of poliovirus antibody seroprevalence in high risk areas for vaccine derived poliovirus transmission in Madagascar","volume":"4","author":"Razafindratsimandresy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0022","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Assessment of poliovirus antibody seroprevalence in polio high risk areas of West Africa","volume":"36","author":"Guindo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"author":"UN High Commissioner for Refugees","key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0023"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0024","first-page":"145","article-title":"Standardized methods for detection of poliovirus antibodies","volume":"1387","author":"Weldon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"author":"The R Foundation","key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0025"},{"key":"2021072017130217400_CIT0026","first-page":"2757","article-title":"Immunogenicity of poliovirus vaccines in chronically malnourished infants: a randomized controlled trial in Pakistan","volume":"33","author":"Saleem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab210\/37874904\/ofab210.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/8\/7\/ofab210\/39198960\/ofab210.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/8\/7\/ofab210\/39198960\/ofab210.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T17:14:04Z","timestamp":1626801244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab210\/6270709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab210","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2328-8957"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"article-number":"ofab210"}}