{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:43:46Z","timestamp":1791211426557,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004397","name":"Ministry of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007833","name":"Hamad Medical Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Program"},{"name":"Biostatistics"},{"name":"Epidemiology"},{"name":"Biomathematics Research Core"},{"name":"Clinical Research Core"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Qatar experienced a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic that disproportionately affected the craft and manual worker (CMW) population, who comprise 60% of the total population. This study aimed to assess ever and\/or current infection prevalence in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted during July 26 to September 09, 2020, to assess both anti-SARS-CoV-2 positivity through serological testing and current infection positivity through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Associations with antibody and PCR positivity were identified through regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 2641 participants, 69.3% of whom were &amp;lt;40 years of age. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 55.3% (95% CI, 53.3%\u201357.3%) and was significantly associated with nationality, geographic location, educational attainment, occupation, and previous infection diagnosis. PCR positivity was 11.3% (95% CI, 9.9%\u201312.8%) and was significantly associated with nationality, geographic location, occupation, contact with an infected person, and reporting 2 or more symptoms. Infection positivity (antibody and\/or PCR positive) was 60.6% (95% CI, 58.6%\u201362.5%). The proportion of antibody-positive CMWs who had a prior SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was 9.3% (95% CI, 7.9%\u201311.0%). Only seven infections were ever severe, and only 1 was ever critical\u2014an infection severity rate of 0.5% (95% CI, 0.2%\u20131.0%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six in every 10 CMWs in Qatar have been infected, suggestive of reaching the herd immunity threshold. Infection severity was low, with only 1 in every 200 infections progressing to be severe or critical. Only 1 in every 10 infections had been previously diagnosed, which is suggestive of mostly asymptomatic or mild infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T11:32:38Z","timestamp":1619955158000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is at Herd Immunity in the Majority Segment of the Population of Qatar"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mohamed H","family":"Al-Thani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elmoubasher","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Bertollini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Public Health, Doha, 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