{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T15:56:39Z","timestamp":1764258999135,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cryptococcus species are ubiquitous in the environment with a global distribution. While causing disease predominantly in immunocompromised hosts such as those with advanced HIV, HIV-uninfected patients are increasingly recognized as being affected. The most common forms of infection are cryptococcal pneumonia and meningitis. HIV-uninfected patients and extrapulmonary infections have worse outcomes, likely due to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Cryptococcus infections involving chylothorax or chyloabdomen have rarely been reported in humans. We describe a case of fulminant disseminated cryptococcosis with fungemia, peritonitis, and empyema in a patient with chronic chylothorax treated with an indwelling pleurovenous shunt. Key autopsy findings included cryptococcal organisms identified on calcified lymphadenopathy, pleural adhesions, and pericardium. We discuss the importance of identifying patients with nontraditional risks factors for cryptococcal disease, such as lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia, and the potential implications of pleurovenous catheters in Cryptococcus dissemination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T17:40:37Z","timestamp":1621446037000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Disseminated Cryptococcal Disease in A Patient With Chronic Chylothorax and a Pleurovenous Catheter, a Case Report With Autopsy Findings"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0043-7419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Mundo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Berning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiannis","family":"Koullias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel B","family":"Chastain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Albany, Georgia,USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Franco-Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico, Federico G\u00f3mez, M\u00e9xico City, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-8652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s F","family":"Henao-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Vargas Barahona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070723394760800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.006","article-title":"Cryptococcosis","volume":"30","author":"Maziarz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2021070723394760800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2015.6","article-title":"Cryptococcus: from environmental saprophyte to global pathogen","volume":"14","author":"May","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev 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