{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T02:10:15Z","timestamp":1773454215951,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We present the case of a 19-year-old man with an open fracture of the tibia and fibula secondary to an accident with an all-terrain vehicle. He underwent operative excisional irrigation, debridement, and fixation on the day of injury. His course was complicated by nonunion of the tibia fracture. Infection is a common factor in fracture nonunion, even in patients who receive appropriate surgical and antimicrobial management. Paenibacillus turicensis, an organism adapted to survive in the environment via spore formation, was responsible for nonunion in our patient. A brief discussion of this unusual organism, fracture nonunion, and the role of infection in etiology of nonunion follows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T18:04:13Z","timestamp":1622657053000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Infected Nonunion of the Tibia Due to <i>Paenibacillus turicensis<\/i> in a Healthy Young Adult After an All-Terrain Vehicle Accident"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4751-3060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith","family":"Schade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3478-9885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristy N","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070901202648200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-016-0603-7","article-title":"Current knowledge and perspectives of Paenibacillus: a review","volume":"15","author":"Grady","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"key":"2021070901202648200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817381.ch26","article-title":"Bacillus and other aerobic endospore-forming bacteria.","volume-title":"Manual of Clinical Microbiology","author":"Turenne","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021070901202648200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2016.02.004","article-title":"First case of bone infection caused by Paenibacillus turicensis","volume":"11","author":"Qu\u00e9nard","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"2021070901202648200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02","DOI":"10.1097\/SR9.0000000000000002","article-title":"First case report on pyogenic tenosynovitis in the hand caused by Paenibacillus sp","volume":"4","author":"Saito","year":"2019","journal-title":"IJS Short Rep"},{"key":"2021070901202648200_CIT0005","article-title":"Paenibacillus isolated from superficial infection of the left knee region in middle-aged man","volume":"3","author":"Shaalan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Arch Orthop Surg"},{"key":"2021070901202648200_CIT0006","first-page":"omz034","article-title":"Recurrent Paenibacillus infection","volume":"2019","author":"Szaniawski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxf Med Case Reports"},{"key":"2021070901202648200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000488","article-title":"Factors associated with development of nonunion or delayed healing after an open long bone fracture: a prospective cohort study of 736 subjects","volume":"30","author":"Westgeest","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2021070901202648200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e162775","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.2775","article-title":"Epidemiology of fracture nonunion in 18 human bones","volume":"151","author":"Zura","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2021070901202648200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.5.190037","article-title":"Nonunion - 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