{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:03:35Z","timestamp":1777701815767,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A patient with relapsed\/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed babesiosis before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation while on atovaquone for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis. Despite receiving a prolonged course of atovaquone and azithromycin until whole-blood Babesia microti DNA was no longer detected by polymerase chain reaction, her post-transplant course was complicated by relapsed babesiosis. We investigate the potential host and parasite characteristics causing relapsing\/persistent infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T20:09:20Z","timestamp":1624306160000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Relapsed <i>Babesia microti<\/i> Infection Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in a Patient With B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4778-8264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Rosenblatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8994-2023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Baneman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3263-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Risa","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1776-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Taimur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1259-1736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto E","family":"Paniz-Mondolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana K","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology\/Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4085-5540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Kirkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9770-886X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha E","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-10-881961","article-title":"A pediatric regimen for older adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of CALGB 10403","volume":"133","author":"Stock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-08-798322","article-title":"Blinatumomab for minimal residual disease in adults with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"131","author":"G\u00f6kbuget","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230\u2013234","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.2380","article-title":"Salvage chemoimmunotherapy with inotuzumab ozogamicin combined with mini\u2013hyper-CVD for patients with relapsed or refractory philadelphia chromosome\u2013negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"4","author":"Jabbour","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0004","author":"Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research."},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1086\/523731","article-title":"Treatment of refractory Babesia microti infection with atovaquone-proguanil in an HIV-infected patient: case report","volume":"45","author":"Vyas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1086\/649859","article-title":"Emergence of resistance to azithromycin-atovaquone in immunocompromised patients with Babesia microti infection","volume":"50","author":"Wormser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.02.016","article-title":"Persistence of babesiosis for &gt;2 years in a patient on rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"85","author":"Raffalli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix477","article-title":"Clinical and molecular evidence of atovaquone and azithromycin resistance in relapsed Babesia microti infection associated with rituximab and chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"65","author":"Simon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0009","author":"Babesiosis surveillance - United States, 2011\u20132015.","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1086\/525852","article-title":"Persistent and relapsing babesiosis in immunocompromised patients","volume":"46","author":"Krause","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab050","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA): 2020 guideline on diagnosis and management of babesiosis","author":"Krause","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-10-200805200-00018","article-title":"Transfusion-associated babesiosis with an atypical time course after nonmyeloablative transplantation for sickle cell disease","volume":"148","author":"Cirino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2010.11.029","article-title":"Persistent babesiosis in a stem cell transplant recipient","volume":"35","author":"Lubin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-05-717900","article-title":"Unexpected babesiosis in a patient with worsening anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"128","author":"Bade","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2003.07.008","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets to fludarabine","volume":"66","author":"Gamberale","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000279","article-title":"Infections associated with the use of eculizumab: recommendations for prevention and prophylaxis","volume":"29","author":"Benamu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24976","article-title":"Ruxolitinib-associated infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Lussana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.219","article-title":"Atovaquone in the treatment of Babesia microti infections in hamsters","volume":"55","author":"Wittner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16079","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.79","article-title":"A global map of genetic diversity in Babesia microti reveals strong population structure and identifies variants associated with clinical relapse","volume":"1","author":"Lemieux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.8.2100-2108.2000","article-title":"Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b that are associated with atovaquone resistance are located at a putative drug-binding site","volume":"44","author":"Korsinczky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2021090316142393200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151519","article-title":"Radical cure of experimental babesiosis in immunodeficient mice using a combination of an endochin-like quinolone and atovaquone","volume":"213","author":"Lawres","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Med"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab323\/38713687\/ofab323.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/8\/9\/ofab323\/40302982\/ofab323.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/8\/9\/ofab323\/40302982\/ofab323.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T16:15:57Z","timestamp":1630685757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab323\/6307372"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab323","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"article-number":"ofab323"}}