{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T22:37:56Z","timestamp":1775947076540,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in uropathogens has generated interest in the use of nitrofurantoin in controversial populations, such as in males and those with renal dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of nitrofurantoin for the treatment of cystitis in males and females with variable degrees of renal dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective chart review was conducted in adult patients who received nitrofurantoin for acute cystitis in the outpatient setting. The primary outcome was clinical cure compared between males and females and across various renal function groups (creatinine clearances [CrCl] &amp;gt;60 mL\/min, 30\u201360 mL\/min, and\u2005&amp;lt;30 mL\/min) following nitrofurantoin treatment. The secondary outcome was adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 446 patients were included, with 278 females and 168 males. The overall clinical cure rate was 86.5% (95% CI, 83.0%\u201389.4%; n\u2005=\u2005386). The clinical cure rate did not vary between genders (odds ratio [OR], 0.6; 95% CI 0.35\u20131.04; P\u2005=\u2005.085) or between patients with a CrCl\u2005&amp;gt;60 mL\/min compared with those with CrCl 30\u201360 mL\/min (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.40\u20132.44; P\u2005=\u20051). The 1 patient with a CrCl\u2005&amp;lt;30 mL\/min was not included in the analysis. A history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.26\u20130.99; P\u2005=\u2005.045) or cirrhosis (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.06\u20130.82; P\u2005=\u2005.025) was associated with decreased odds of clinical cure. Adverse events occurred in 2% (n\u2005=\u20059) of patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was no statistically significant difference in clinical cure with nitrofurantoin between genders or various renal functions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T11:17:22Z","timestamp":1631186242000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Retrospective Review on the Safety and Efficacy of Nitrofurantoin for the Treatment of Cystitis in the Veteran Population With or Without Renal Insufficiency"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Elwyn","family":"Welch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaila","family":"Sheth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chester N","family":"Ashong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0243-633X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021092115234743700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq257","article-title":"International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"52","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021092115234743700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287215581556","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of nitrofurantoin in outpatient male veterans","volume":"7","author":"Ingalsbe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"key":"2021092115234743700_CIT0003","article-title":"Urinary tract infections and prostatitis","volume-title":"Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach","author":"Fernandez","edition":"11"},{"key":"2021092115234743700_CIT0004","volume-title":"Macrobid (nitrofurantoin). 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hyperplasia","volume":"58","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2021092115234743700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.01.074","article-title":"Update on AUA guideline on the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"185","author":"McVary","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2021092115234743700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-011-0725-9","article-title":"Urinary tract infection associated with conditions causing urinary tract obstruction and stasis, excluding urolithiasis and neuropathic bladder","volume":"30","author":"Heyns","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"2021092115234743700_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0211098","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211098","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of nitrofurantoin and pivmecillinam for the treatment of lower urinary tract infections in 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