{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T12:29:12Z","timestamp":1766579352169,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 A1076217","U01 AI057786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 A1076217","U01 AI057786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005627","name":"Thrasher Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002590","name":"American Lung Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA-683831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA-683831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AI151083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AI151083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is a dearth of research to understand which children, among those who are exposed at home to tuberculosis (TB), are at the highest risk of TB disease, to tailor care. We sought to identify predictors of TB progression in children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a prospective cohort study of children living with adults with pulmonary TB in Lima, Peru (2009\u20132012). We applied classification and regression tree analysis to examine potential predictors of incident TB disease during 12 months in 3 age groups (0\u20134, 5\u20139, and 10\u201314 years). We calculated the relative risk (RR) for top predictors in each age group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 4545 children 0\u201314 years old, 156 (3.4%) were diagnosed with TB within 1 year of household exposure to TB (3.4%, 2.3%, and 4.7% in children 0\u20134, 5\u20139, and 10\u201314 years old, respectively). The most important predictor of TB was having a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) result, with RRs of 6.6 (95% CI, 4.0\u201310.7), 6.6 (95% CI, 3.2\u201313.6), and 5.2 (95% CI, 3.0\u20139.0) in the age groups 0\u20134, 5\u20139, and 10\u201314 years, respectively. In young children with a positive TST, not using isoniazid preventive treatment further increased risk of disease (RR, 12.2 [95% CI, 3.8\u201339.2]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We present a tool that identifies child household contacts at high risk of TB disease progression based on data collected during contact tracing. In addition to the use of TB preventive therapy for all children exposed at home to TB, those children at highest risk of progressing to TB disease may benefit from more frequent follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T07:36:16Z","timestamp":1637220976000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prediction Tool to Identify Children at Highest Risk of Tuberculosis Disease Progression Among Those Exposed at Home"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1022-2515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith B","family":"Brooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Lecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Partners In Health\/Socios En Salud, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health\/Socios En Salud, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health\/Socios En Salud, Lima, Peru"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Yataco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health\/Socios En Salud, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Galea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA"},{"name":"College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Chin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan B","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes C","family":"Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Partners In Health\/Socios En Salud, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Control Report 2020","year":"2020","author":"World Health Organization.","key":"2021111805065599400_CIT0001"},{"key":"2021111805065599400_CIT0002","article-title":"Tuberculosis epidemic control: a comprehensive strategy to drive down tuberculosis.","volume-title":"Clinical Tuberculosis.","author":"Keshavjee","edition":"6"},{"key":"2021111805065599400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00323-2","article-title":"Controlling the seedbeds of tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis 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