{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T10:34:41Z","timestamp":1774521281901,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading infectious cause of hospitalisation and death worldwide. The knowledge about the incidence and aetiology of CAP in China was fragmented.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A multicenter study performed at four hospitals in four regions in China and clinical samples from CAP patients were collected and used for pathogen identification from July 2016 to June 2019.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 1,674 patients were enrolled and the average annual incidence of hospitalized CAP was 18.7 cases per 10,000 people (95% confidence interval 18.5\u201319.0). The most common viral and bacterial agents found in patients were respiratory syncytial virus (19.2%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (9.3%). The co-infections percentage was 13.8%. Pathogen distribution displayed variations within age groups, and seasonal and regional differences. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was not detected. Respiratory virus detection was significantly positively correlated with air pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2; and significantly negatively correlated with ambient temperature and O3 content; bacteria detection was opposite.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The hospitalized CAP incidence in China was higher than previously known. CAP etiology showed differences in age, seasons, regions, and respiratory viruses were detected at a higher rate than bacterial infection overall. Air pollutants and temperature have influence on the detection of pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T10:09:04Z","timestamp":1633860544000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Incidence, aetiology, and enviromental risk factors of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in China: a 3-year, prospective, age-stratified, multi-centre case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haijian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiantong","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chengdu City, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinju","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Liaocheng City, Liaocheng, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahemut","family":"Mahemut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chengdu City, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Liaocheng City, Liaocheng, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengyuan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiwu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chengdu City, Chengdu, 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Hospital, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changguo","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First People\u2019s Hospital of Kashi, Kashgar, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Department, The First People's Hospital of Dali City, Dali, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 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