{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:24:45Z","timestamp":1791390285727,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Services, Washington DC, USA","award":["6 IDSEP190051-02-01)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6 IDSEP190051-02-01)."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that causes epizootics and epidemics among livestock population and humans. Our surveillance system has revealed multiple emergences and re-emergences of RVFV in West Africa over the last decade.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Sentinel Syndromic Surveillance Network in Senegal (4S) has been implemented since 2011. Samples from human suspected arbovirus infection in 4S sentinel sites were sent to Institut Pasteur de Dakar (IPD), where arbovirus diagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and virus isolation was performed. Overall, IPD has received a total of 1149 samples from arboviral suspected patients through the 4S network from January to December 2020. These samples were screened for 7 arboviruses including RVFV. Whole-genome sequencing of positive RVFV samples by RT-PCR was performed using the Illumina Miseq platform followed by genome assembly. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using MEGA X.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Out of the 1149 arbovirus suspected cases, 4 RVFV-positive samples were detected with RT-PCR while 5 RVFV-positive samples were detected by ELISA. Complete genome sequences were obtained for 3 strains among the 4 positive samples by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses indicated an emergence of a virus first described in South Africa during a major outbreak.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This strong surveillance system allowed the detection of an RVFV outbreak in Senegal in 2020. The obtained genomes clustered with strains from South Africa belonging to lineage H. This calls for implementation of a strong surveillance system for wild animals, humans, and livestock simultaneously in all African countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T12:54:34Z","timestamp":1640782474000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus Lineage H From South Africa Through the Syndromic Sentinel Surveillance Network in Senegal"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ndeye Sakha","family":"Bob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pole of Virology, Institut Pasteur of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou Aliou","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research & Data Science, Institut Pasteur of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moussa Moise","family":"Diagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pole of Virology, Institut Pasteur of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pole of Virology, Institut Pasteur of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Henriette Dior","family":"Ndione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pole of Virology, Institut Pasteur of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amadou","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research & Data Science, Institut Pasteur of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Diop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research & Data Science, Institut Pasteur of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boly","family":"Diop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oumar","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pole of Virology, Institut Pasteur of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheikh","family":"Loucoubar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research & Data Science, Institut Pasteur of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamou","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pole of Virology, Institut Pasteur of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ousmane","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pole of Virology, Institut Pasteur of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022022114494867000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-018-1611-y","article-title":"Molecular aspects of Rift Valley fever virus and the emergence of reassortants.","volume":"55","author":"Gaudreault","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"2022022114494867000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1712.111035","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Rift Valley fever virus.","volume":"17","author":"Grobbelaar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022022114494867000_CIT0003","first-page":"908","article-title":"Rift Valley fever in South Africa. 2. The occurrence of human cases in the Orange Free State, the North-Western Cape Province, the Western and Southern Transvaal. B. Field and laboratory investigation.","volume":"25","author":"Gear","year":"1951","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2022022114494867000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-010715-023819","article-title":"Rift Valley fever: an emerging mosquito-borne disease.","volume":"61","author":"Linthicum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"2022022114494867000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e864","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30176-0","article-title":"Association of Rift Valley fever virus infection with miscarriage in Sudanese women: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"4","author":"Baudin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2022022114494867000_CIT0006","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022022114494867000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"XXX","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx087","article-title":"Detection of the Northeastern African Rift 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Years.","volume":"100","author":"Shoemaker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2022022114494867000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2510.181748","article-title":"Genomic characterization of Rift Valley fever virus, South Africa, 2018.","volume":"25","author":"van Schalkwyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022022114494867000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2604.191147","article-title":"Rift Valley fever outbreak, Mayotte, France, 2018-2019.","volume":"26","author":"Youssouf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022022114494867000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2612.201599","article-title":"Unique outbreak of Rift Valley fever in Sudan, 2019.","volume":"26","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Infect 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