{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:58:38Z","timestamp":1791979118728,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Risk factors for acquisition of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) include immunosuppression, antibiotic exposure, indwelling catheters, and manipulation of the gastrointestinal tract, all of which occur in liver transplant recipients. VRE infections are documented in liver transplantation (LT); however, only one single center study has assessed the impact of daptomycin-resistant Enterococcus (DRE) in this patient population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study comparing liver transplant recipients with either VRE or DRE bacteremia. The primary outcome was death within 1 year of transplantation. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios for outcomes of interest.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified 139 cases of Enterococcus bacteremia following LT, of which 78% were VRE and 22% were DRE. When adjusted for total intensive care unit days in the first transplant year, liver-kidney transplantation, and calcineurin inhibitor use, patients with DRE bacteremia were 2.65 times more likely to die within 1 year of transplantation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.648; 95% CI, 1.025\u20136.840; P\u2005=\u2005.044). Prior daptomycin exposure was found to be an independent predictor of DRE bacteremia (aOR, 30.62; 95% CI, 10.087\u201392.955; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this multicenter study of LT recipients with Enterococcus bacteremia, DRE bacteremia was associated with higher 1-year mortality rates when compared with VRE bacteremia. Our data provide strong support for dedicated infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship efforts for transplant patients. Further research is needed to support the development of better antibiotics for DRE and practical guidance focusing on identification and prevention of colonization and subsequent infection in liver transplant recipients at high risk for DRE bacteremia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T09:21:15Z","timestamp":1642843275000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Daptomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus<\/i> Bacteremia Is Associated With Prior Daptomycin Use and Increased Mortality After Liver Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9701-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael A","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghady","family":"Haidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oschner Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1560-3192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo M","family":"La Hoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Pouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Holaday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Clauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith S","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoma","family":"Nellore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022020901595570400_CIT0001","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022020901595570400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.10.1127","article-title":"The role of \u201ccolonization pressure\u201d in the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci: an important infection control variable.","volume":"158","author":"Bonten","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern 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