{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:06:38Z","timestamp":1790885198414,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fonds de la Recherche en Sant\u00e9 du Queb\u00e9c","award":["296306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["296306"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A proposal has recently been advanced to change the traditional definition of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), to reflect the cluster of metabolic abnormalities that may be more closely associated with cardiovascular risk. Long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a smoldering inflammatory condition, characterized by several symptom clusters. This study aims to determine the prevalence of MAFLD in patients with postacute COVID syndrome (PACS) and its association with other PACS-cluster phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 235 patients observed at a single university outpatient clinic. The diagnosis of PACS was based on \u22651 cluster of symptoms: respiratory, neurocognitive, musculoskeletal, psychological, sensory, and dermatological. The outcome was prevalence of MAFLD detected by transient elastography during the first postdischarge follow-up outpatient visit. The prevalence of MAFLD at the time of hospital admission was calculated retrospectively using the hepatic steatosis index.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 235 patients, 162 (69%) were men (median age 61). The prevalence of MAFLD was 55.3% at follow-up and 37.3% on admission (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001). Insulin resistance (odds ratio [OR]\u2005=\u20051.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14\u20131.96), body mass index (OR\u2005=\u20051.14; 95% CI, 1.04\u20131.24), and the metabolic syndrome (OR\u2005=\u20052.54; 95% CI, 1.13\u20135.68) were independent predictors of MAFLD. The number of PACS clusters was inversely associated with MAFLD (OR\u2005=\u20050.86; 95% CI, .76\u20130.97). Thirty-one patients (13.2%) had MAFLD with no other associated PACS clusters. All correlations between MAFLD and other PACS clusters were weak.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease was highly prevalent after hospital discharge and may represent a specific PACS-cluster phenotype, with potential long-term metabolic and cardiovascular health implications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T09:54:47Z","timestamp":1641981287000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Is Highly Prevalent in the Postacute COVID Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jovana","family":"Milic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licia","family":"Gozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Brigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Begh\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Verduri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Bacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Iadisernia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Cuomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9948-652X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Dolci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Yaacoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Aprile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Belli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Venuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1254-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Meschiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Sebastiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Clini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mussini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Respiratory Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amedeo","family":"Lonardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Modena, 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