{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:39:55Z","timestamp":1785908395332,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation Diversity In Clinical Trials Career Development Program","award":["2021-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-2023"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM007347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM007347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32CA236621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32CA236621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA046592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA046592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA068485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA068485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA231840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA231840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA068485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA068485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Dana-Farber\/Harvard Cancer Centre Kidney SPORE","award":["P50 CA101942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 CA101942"]}]},{"name":"Dana-Farber\/Harvard Cancer Centre Kidney SPORE","award":["P30 CA006516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA006516"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007206","name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR000445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The frequency of coinfections and their association with outcomes have not been adequately studied among patients with cancer and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a high-risk group for coinfection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included adult (\u226518 years) patients with active or prior hematologic or invasive solid malignancies and laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection, using data from the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19, NCT04354701). We captured coinfections within\u2005\u00b12 weeks from diagnosis of COVID-19, identified factors cross-sectionally associated with risk of coinfection, and quantified the association of coinfections with 30-day mortality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 8765 patients (hospitalized or not; median age, 65 years; 47.4% male), 16.6% developed coinfections: 12.1% bacterial, 2.1% viral, 0.9% fungal. An additional 6.4% only had clinical diagnosis of a coinfection. The adjusted risk of any coinfection was positively associated with age &amp;gt;50 years, male sex, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal comorbidities, diabetes, hematologic malignancy, multiple malignancies, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, progressing cancer, recent cytotoxic chemotherapy, and baseline corticosteroids; the adjusted risk of superinfection was positively associated with tocilizumab administration. Among hospitalized patients, high neutrophil count and C-reactive protein were positively associated with bacterial coinfection risk, and high or low neutrophil count with fungal coinfection risk. Adjusted mortality rates were significantly higher among patients with bacterial (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.33\u20131.95) and fungal (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.28\u20133.76) coinfections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Viral and fungal coinfections are infrequent among patients with cancer and COVID-19, with the latter associated with very high mortality rates. Clinical and laboratory parameters can be used to guide early empiric antimicrobial therapy, which may improve clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T15:51:42Z","timestamp":1644853902000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Coinfections in Patients With Cancer and COVID-19: A COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Gowri","family":"Satyanarayana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1901-5558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle T","family":"Enriquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1096-1043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maheen","family":"Abidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailesh M","family":"Advani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Awosika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1906-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziad","family":"Bakouny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babar","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, 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Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulysses","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hartford HealthCare Cancer Institute, Hartford, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie Tsu-Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Cancer Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9201-3217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toni K","family":"Choueiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7775-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 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