{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:32:05Z","timestamp":1774513925333,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R24 AI152598-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R24 AI152598-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI117970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI117970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006084","name":"Office of AIDS Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Undetectable\u2005=\u2005Untransmittable (U\u2005=\u2005U) campaign advances the goal of ending the HIV epidemic by promoting durable viral suppression and therefore reducing sexual transmission. We used geospatial analysis to assess the potential for sexual HIV transmission by ZIP code of residence in the District of Columbia (DC) using data from the DC Cohort Longitudinal HIV Study (DC Cohort), a city-wide cohort of persons with HIV (PWH).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>DC Cohort participants aged\u2005\u226513 years were included in the study period between April 1, 2016, and March 31, 2018. Potential for sexual HIV transmission was defined as the proportion of participants with incident sexually transmitted infection (STI; gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis) and with HIV RNA\u2005\u2265200 copies\/mL from 9 months before to 3 months after STI diagnosis. We performed geographic information system (GIS) analysis to determine the ZIP codes with the highest potential for sexual HIV transmission.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 3467 participants, 367 (10.6%) had at least 1 incident STI, with 89.4% residing in 11 of the 20 residential ZIP codes in DC. Of the 367 participants with an incident STI, at least 1 HIV RNA was available for 348 (94.8%). Ninety-seven (27.9%) individuals with an incident STI had HIV RNA\u2005\u2265200 copies\/mL in the defined time window. Of these 97, 66 (68.0%) resided in 5 of the 20 DC ZIP codes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In DC, 5 ZIP codes of residence accounted for the majority of the estimated potential for HIV transmission among participants in the DC Cohort. These results support focused neighborhood-level interventions to help end the HIV epidemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T21:11:27Z","timestamp":1647637887000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identifying Geographic Areas of Washington, DC, With Increased Potential for Sexual HIV Transmission Among People With HIV With STIs and Concurrent Elevated HIV RNA: Data From the DC Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Morgan","family":"Byrne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Akselrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3201-3845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne K","family":"Monroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Horberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Lucar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda D","family":"Castel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Denyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Section, DC Veterans Administration Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rupali","family":"Doshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DC Department of Health, HIV\/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Administration, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Secco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Infectious Disease Consultants, Niles, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Squires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Schroeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Section, DC Veterans Administration Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Benator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Section, DC Veterans Administration Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0001","first-page":"8","article-title":"CROI 2019: advances in HIV prevention and plans to end the epidemic.","volume":"27","author":"Buchbinder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1600693","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission.","volume":"375","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30418-0","article-title":"PARTNER Study Group. Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study.","volume":"393","author":"Rodger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.21167","article-title":"HIV viral load and transmissibility of HIV infection: undetectable equals untransmittable.","volume":"321","author":"Eisinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105243","article-title":"HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 Study Team. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"365","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0006","author":"District of Columbia Department of Health, HIV\/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, & TB Administration 2020. Annual Epidemiology & Surveillance Report."},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0007","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0008","author":"District of Columbia Department of Health."},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0009","author":"Prevention Access Campaign."},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834de5fe","article-title":"Use of the community viral load as a population-based biomarker of HIV burden.","volume":"26","author":"Castel","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0011","article-title":"DC Cohort Executive Committee. Sexually transmitted infections among HIV-infected individuals in the District of Columbia and estimated HIV transmission risk: data from the DC Cohort.","volume":"5:XXX\u2013XX","author":"Lucar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.1.3","article-title":"From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection.","volume":"75","author":"Fleming","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000980","article-title":"Proportion of incident human immunodeficiency virus cases among men who have sex with men attributable to gonorrhea and chlamydia: a modeling analysis.","volume":"46","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001440","article-title":"Risk of HIV diagnosis following bacterial sexually transmitted infections in Tennessee, 2013\u20132017.","volume":"48","author":"Grome","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6811e1","article-title":"Vital signs: HIV transmission along the continuum of care\u2014United States, 2016.","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1761","article-title":"A spatial approach for Ending the HIV Epidemic for the United States - a DC model.","volume":"73","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2103-8","article-title":"Identifying spatial variation along the HIV care continuum: the role of distance to care on retention and viral suppression.","volume":"22","author":"Terzian","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv176","article-title":"Development of a large urban longitudinal HIV clinical cohort using a web-based platform to merge electronically and manually abstracted data from disparate medical record systems: technical challenges and innovative solutions.","volume":"23","author":"Greenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.2196\/publichealth.9221","article-title":"Cohort Executive Committee. Defining care patterns and outcomes among persons living with HIV in Washington, DC: linkage of clinical cohort and surveillance data.","volume":"4","author":"Castel","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1350","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.180311","article-title":"Risk of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus with antiretroviral therapy, suppressed viral load and condom use: a systematic review.","volume":"190","author":"LeMessurier","year":"2018","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0021","author":"District of Columbia Office of Planning."},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001886","article-title":"Individual and network factors associated with racial disparities in HIV among young men who have sex with men: results from the RADAR cohort study.","volume":"80","author":"Mustanski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054216","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections in persons living with HIV infection and estimated HIV transmission risk: trends over time from the DC Cohort.","volume":"96","author":"Secco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000640","article-title":"Time above 1500 copies: a viral load measure for assessing transmission risk of HIV-positive patients in care.","volume":"29","author":"Marks","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2022041913104977000_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16061","DOI":"10.2196\/16061","article-title":"Comparison of clinical outcomes of persons living with HIV by enrollment status in Washington, DC: evaluation of a large longitudinal HIV cohort study.","volume":"6","author":"Opoku","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofac139\/42953655\/ofac139.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/9\/5\/ofac139\/43396348\/ofac139.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/9\/5\/ofac139\/43396348\/ofac139.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T13:11:21Z","timestamp":1650373881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofac139\/6550677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofac139","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"article-number":"ofac139"}}